Glycemic Control and Bone Turnover in Older Mexican Americans with Type 2 Diabetes

Table 1

(a) Participants’ demographics, biochemistry, and DXA characteristics

Variables	Men ()	Women ()	value
	(mean ± SD) or () %	(mean ± SD) or () %
Age
<65 years	(8) 40.0%	(14) 29.6%	0.40
≥65 years	(12) 60.0%	(35) 71.4%
Height (cm)			<0.01
Weight (kg)			<0.01
BMI (kg/m^2)			0.92
HbA1c (%)			0.35
Years since T2D was diagnosed
<10 years	(9) 52.9%	(16) 39.0%	0.39
≥10 years	(8) 47.1%	(25) 61.0%
Serum creatinine (mg/dl)			0.01
Serum calcium (mmol/l)			0.13
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (nmol/l)			0.31
Serum magnesium (mmol/l)			0.58
Serum phosphorus (mmol/l)			<0.01
Serum PTH (pg/ml)			0.12
Femur neck BMD (g/cm^2)			<0.01
Femur neck -score			0.32
Serum osteocalcin (ng/ml)			0.33
Serum sclerostin (pmol/l)			<0.01

Note. SD: standard deviation; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin; T2D: type 2 diabetes; PTH: parathyroid hormone. All participants were Mexican American and had been diagnosed with T2D.

(b) Mean distribution of osteocalcin and sclerostin by age group in Mexican American men and women diagnosed with T2D

Variables	Subgroup category	Men	value	Women	value
		mean ± SD		mean ± SD
Osteocalcin (ng/ml)	Age group < 65 years		0.25		0.37
	Age group ≥ 65 years
Sclerostin (pmol/l)	Age group < 65 years		0.32		0.90
	Age group ≥ 65 years

Note. SD: standard deviation.