Recurrence of Congenital Heart Disease in Cases with Familial Risk Screened Prenatally by Echocardiography

Table 1

Recurrence of congenital heart defects in cases with single- and multiple-familial risk.

Index case with CHD	Total cases n.	Affected cases n.	Recurrence rate %
Single risk—total	1477	60	4.06
Previous child	818	29	3.5
Mother alone	250	13	5.2
Father alone	93	7	7.5
One relative II°-III°	316	11	3.5
Double cases risk	137	4	2.9
2 previous children	22	1	4.5
1 previous child + 1 relative	23	—	—
Mother + another relative	26	2	7.7
+ 1 previous child	8	1	11.1
+ father	3	1	6.7
+ 1 relative	15
Father + another relatives	19	1	5.3
+ prev. child	12	1	8.3
+ 1 relative	7	—	—
2 relatives II°-III°	47	—	—
Multiple cases risk	20	1	5
2 prev children + 1 relative	2	—	—
Mother + prev. child or 2–4 relatives	5	1	20.0
Father + 2 relatives	3	—	—
3-4 relatives II°-III°	10	—	—
Total double + multiple risk	157	5	3.2
Total series	1634	65	3.98