Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia: The Genetic Component

Table 1

Overview of the different polymorphism described.

Gene	Function	SNP	Reference
ERAP 1-2	Aminopeptidases 1-2. Related to immune antigen presentation	p.392 K>N and p.669L>Q	[28]
TNFSF13B	Regulation of immune response, member of tumor necrosis factor family	rs16972194; rs16972197; rs56124946	[29]
HLA-G	Member of HLA class I molecule and has immunosuppressive properties	G*0106 HLA-G	[30]
VEGF	Modulates the cell cycle, migration, and differentiation	rs1485766; rs6838834; rs7664413; rs2010963; +936 C>T	[31, 32]
Flt-1	FMS-related tyrosine kinase. It shows tyrosine protein kinase activity	rs12584067; rs7335588; rs722503	[31]
eNOS	Endothelial nitric oxide synthase	p.Glu298As-786T>C	[33]
CYP11B2	Steroid 11/18-beta-hydroxylase		[34, 35]
Prothrombin (F2)	Increases blood viscosity and the likelihood of thromboembolic events	G20210A	[36]
Factor V	Coagulation factor V	1691G>A	[36–38]
SERPINE1	Endothelial plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), the major inhibitor of fibrinolysis	4 G/5 G polymorphism	[39]
MTHFR	Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	rs1801133; A1298C	[40–46]
MTRR	Methionine synthase reductase	rs1801394	[40–43, 46, 47]
MTR	Methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine S-methyltransferase	g.2756A>G	[48–50]

SNP: single nucleotide polymorphism.