Migraine-Asthma Comorbidity and Risk of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy

Table 3

Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in relation to maternal migraine and asthma status, Seattle and Tacoma, WA, USA, 1996–2008.

Outcomes	No migraine/no asthma	Migraine only	Asthma only	Comorbid Migraine-Asthma
Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH)
No, 𝑛	2404	479	326	82
Yes, 𝑛	167	56	27	17
Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	1.00 (reference)	1.68 (1.22–2.31)	1.19 (0.78–1.82)	2.98 (1.73–5.15)
^1Adjusted OR (95% CI)	1.00 (reference)	1.20 (0.84–1.71)	1.04 (0.66–1.63)	2.53 (1.39–4.61)
^2Adjusted OR (95% CI)	1.00 (reference)	1.21 (0.85–1.74)	1.03 (0.66–1.62)	2.55 (1.40–4.63)
Preeclampsia (PE)
No, 𝑛	2404	479	326	82
Yes, 𝑛	72	19	20	8
Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	1.00 (reference)	1.32 (0.79–2.22)	2.05 (1.23–3.41)	3.26 (1.52–6.99)
^1Adjusted OR (95% CI)	1.00 (reference)	0.83 (0.46–1.50)	1.89 (1.08–3.28)	3.53 (1.51–8.24)
^2Adjusted OR (95% CI)	1.00 (reference)	0.89 (0.49–1.63)	2.00 (1.14–3.49)	3.77 (1.61–8.82)
PIH or PE
No, 𝑛	2404	479	326	82
Yes, 𝑛	239	75	47	25
Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	1.00 (reference)	1.58 (1.19–2.08)	1.45 (1.04–2.02)	3.07 (1.92–4.89)
^1Adjusted OR (95% CI)	1.00 (reference)	1.13 (0.82–1.55)	1.27 (0.88–1.83)	2.64 (1.56–4.47)
^2Adjusted OR (95% CI)	1.00 (reference)	1.15 (0.84–1.59)	1.28 (0.88–1.84)	2.69 (1.59–4.56)

Note: Subjects with unknown hypertensive disorder status were excluded from this analysis.
¹Adjusted for maternal age, race/ethnicity, parity, marital status, cigarette smoking status, history of chronic hypertension, and pre-pregnancy body mass index.
²Adjusted for maternal age, race/ethnicity, parity, marital status, cigarette smoking status, history of chronic hypertension, pre-pregnancy body mass index, and multifetal pregnancy.