Kinematic Analysis of Gait in the Second and Third Trimesters of Pregnancy

Table 2

Joint kinematic peak values (mean) of gait in the sagittal plane, during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy (𝑁=22) and nulliparous controls (𝑁=12). Units (mean ± sd) are in degrees.

Joint	Side	Peak	Second trimester	Third trimester	Nonpregnant
Pelvis		1st	−14.874±3.653	−15.195±4.141	−10.355±2.879
		2nd	−18.036±3.566	−18.706±3.523	−7.127±2.515
Hip	Right	1st	−𝟐.𝟑𝟎𝟏±𝟓.𝟐𝟖𝟐	−𝟎.𝟐𝟗𝟓±𝟒.𝟓𝟎𝟕	−𝟏𝟎.𝟎𝟕𝟐±𝟒.𝟒𝟑𝟕
		2nd	41.510±4.413	43.168±3.897	34.030±2.998
	Left	1st	−2.903±6.347	−1.963±5.150	−10.710±4.388
		2nd	41.853±3.793	43.628±3.488	34.498±2.786
Knee	Right	1st	−16.427±6.689	−18.175±7.152	−18.862±5.770
		2nd	−2.620±5.161	−4.464±6.521	−5.861±4.825
		3rd	−60.516±14.282	−61.864±14.219	−62.815±5.575
		4th	−1.035±5.535	−3.350±7.188	−5.879±5.262
	Left	1st	−16.402±6.651	−17.665±7.478	−19.248±6.194
		2nd	−2.444±7.224	−3.091±7.028	−5.297±4.281
		3rd	−𝟔𝟑.𝟕𝟖𝟏±𝟑.𝟖𝟐𝟖	−𝟔𝟓.𝟎𝟕𝟒±𝟑.𝟒𝟒𝟏	−63.992±2.731
		4th	−3.047±5.706	−4.058±6.609	−6.737±3.793
Ankle	Right	1st	−4.972±2.653	−4.921±5.064	−1.508±1.850
		2nd	12.062±3.782	12.729±5.017	15.308±2.571
		3rd	−𝟏𝟕.𝟗𝟔𝟎±𝟒.𝟖𝟒𝟗	−𝟏𝟔.𝟓𝟑𝟔±𝟒.𝟒𝟏𝟔	−15.093±5.363
		4th	6.737±1.818	6.375±3.692	8.952±2.739
	Left	1st	−4.132±4.560	−4.668±3.645	−0.024±3.228
		2nd	12.731±3.899	12.659±3.466	14.982±2.575
		3rd	−16.066±5.241	−15.946±4.432	−14.921±6.725
		4th	6.850±3.128	6.568±2.007	8.673±2.700

Bold: significant differences with 𝑃<0.05.