Maternal Opioid Drug Use during Pregnancy and Its Impact on Perinatal Morbidity, Mortality, and the Costs of Medical Care in the United States

Table 3

List of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition, Clinical Modification Codes used to identify selected perinatal conditions.

Condition	International Classification of Diseases, 9th Edition, Diagnosis Code
Exposure
Opioid use	304.0x, 304.7, 305.5, 965.00, 965.01, E850.0, E935.0
Comorbidities
Anxiety	300.0x, 309x, 293.84
Chronic renal disease	581x, 582x, 583x, 585x, 587x, 646.2x
Depression	296.2x, 296.3x, 298.0, 300.4, 301.12, 309.0, 309.1, 311
HIV	042, V08, 795.3
Insomnia	780.51, 780.52, 307.42, 327.0x, 327.15, 307.41
Obesity	278.00, 278.01, 278.03, 649.1x, V85.3x, V85.4x, V85.54, 793.91
Osteopenia	733.90
Prepregnancy diabetes	249x, 250x, 648.0x
Prepregnancy hypertension	401x, 402x, 403x, 404x, 405x, 642.0x, 642.1x, 642.2x, 642.7x
Perinatal outcomes
Threatened preterm labor	644.0x
Early onset delivery	644.2x
Premature rupture of membranes	658.1x
Wound infection	674.1x, 674.3x, 998.3x, 998.5x
Acute renal failure	584x, 669.3x
Postpartum depression	648.40, 648.42, 648.44
Poor fetal growth	656.5x
Stillbirth	656.4x, V27.1, V27.3, V27.4, V27.6, V27.7

The code suffix “x” represents all possible codes that follow the stated code prefix.
^†Procedure codes, no diagnostic codes were used to define Cesarean section.