Review Article
Type I Diabetes Mellitus: Genetic Factors and Presumptive Enteroviral Etiology or Protection
Table 2
The major histocompatibility complex and the human leukocyte antigens*.
| | HLA loci | | Combinations most associated with T1D | Cell type | Functions |
| MHC I | A | | | A24 | Mainly cytotoxic CD8+ T-cells, also other types of nucleated cells | Peptide binding protein for antigen presentation | B | | | B8, B18, B39 | C | | | | Processing of antigens |
| MHC II | DP | DP-alpha | DP1 | | Helper CD4+ antigen-presenting cells (dendritic cells, macrophages, some endothelial cells, thymic epithelial cells, and B-cells) | Peptide binding protein | DP-beta | DP1 | DP1 | DQ | DQ-alpha | DQ1 | | DQ-beta | DQ1 | | DR | DR-alpha | | | Helper activity for specific MHC II proteins | DR-beta | DR1 | DR1, DQ1, DR-DQ combinations, DR1-DQ1-DQ1 subset combinations | DR2 | DR3 | DR4 |
| MHC III |
Are flanked by the MHC I and MHC II coding regions | Novel area for research | Various | Components of the complement systems C2, C4a, and C4b Cytokines Heat shock proteins |
| MHC IV |
Exist at the telomeric end of MHC III genes | Novel area for research | Dendritic cells, natural killer cells | Morphogenesis of dendritic cells, natural killer cells |
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References [9, 29–36, 41–50].
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