Combinative Particle Size Reduction Technologies for the Production of Drug Nanocrystals

Table 1

Different drugs processed with the combinative particle size reduction technologies.

Combinative technology	Pretreatment	Particle size reduction technique	Drug	Smallest reported mean particle size	Length of the nanosuspension production	Administration focus	Reference
NANOEDGE	Microprecipitation	HPH	Paclitaxel	200 nm	20000 psi for 30 min (Avestin C50)	I.V. (reformulation as nanosuspension to eliminate cremophor EL as excipient)	[27]
NANOEDGE	Microprecipitation	HPH	Nabumetone	930 nm	20000 psi for 30 min (Avestin C50)	I.V.	[25]
NANOEDGE	Microprecipitation	HPH	Prednisolone	640 nm	10000 psi for 15 min (Avestin C50)	I.V.	[25]
NANOEDGE	Microprecipitation	HPH	Carbamazepin	400 nm	20000 psi for 15 min (Avestin C50)	I.V.	[25]
NANOEDGE	Microprecipitation	HPH	Itraconazol	581 nm	20000 psi for 30 min (Avestin C50)	I.V.	[29]
NANOEDGE	Microprecipitation	Sonication	Itraconazol	177 nm	1 min 10000 Hz (400 W)	I.V.	[25]
“Nanoedge-like”	Microprecipitation	HPH	Meloxicam	212 nm	15 cycles 500 bar (ATS AH110D)	Oral	[32]
“Nanoedge-like”	Microprecipitation	HPH	Isradipine	469 nm	30 cycles 1200 bar (GEA Niro Soavi)	Oral	[31]
“Nanoedge-like”	Microprecipitation	HPH	10-hydroxycamptothecin (10-HCPT)	131 nm	20 cycles 1000 bar (ATS AH110D)	Oral	[30]
“Nanoedge-like”	Microprecipitation	Sonication	Hydrocortisone	80 nm	5 min	Oral	[36]
“Nanoedge-like”	Microprecipitation	Sonication	Ibuprofen	702 nm	60 min	Oral	[4]
“Nanoedge-like”	Microprecipitation	Sonication	Nitrendipine	209 nm	15 min 20000 Hz (400 W)	Oral	[33]
“Nanoedge-like”	Microprecipitation	Sonication	All-trans retinoic acid	155 nm	30 min	Oral	[34]
“Nanoedge-like”	Microprecipitation	Sonication	Meloxicam	259 nm	20 min (300 W)	Oral	[32]
H 69	Cavi-precipitation	HPH	Ibuprofen	170 nm	10 cycles 1200 bar (Avestin C5)	Oral	[38]
H 69	Cavi-precipitation	HPH	Hydrocortisone acetate (HCA)	787 nm	20 cycles 1500 bar (Micron LAB 40)	Oral	[37]
H 69	Cavi-precipitation	HPH	Resveratrol	150 nm	10 cycles 1200 bar (Avestin C5)	Oral	[38]
H 69	Cavi-precipitation	HPH	Omeprazol	921 nm	20 cycles 1500 bar (Micron LAB 40)	Oral	[37]
H 69	Cavi-precipitation	HPH	Prednisolone	22 nm	1500 bar for 6 min (Micron LAB 40)	Oral	[37]
H 42	Spray-drying	HPH	Amphotericin B	172 nm	20 cycles 1500 bar (Micron LAB 40)	Oral	[39]
H 42	Spray-drying	HPH	Glibenclamide	236 nm	20 cycles 1500 bar (Micron LAB 40)	Oral	[3]
H 42	Spray-drying	HPH	Hydrocortisone acetate (HCA)	281 nm	20 cycles 1500 bar (Micron LAB 40)	Oral	[2]
H 42	Spray-drying	HPH	Ibuprofen	636 nm	20 cycles 1500 bar (Micron LAB 40)	Oral	[39]
H 42	Spray-drying	HPH	Resveratrol	200 nm	1 cycle 1500 bar (Micron LAB 40)	Oral	[40]
H 96	Freeze-drying	HPH	Amphotericin B	62 nm	5 cycles 1500 bar (Micron LAB 40)	Oral	[41]
H 96	Freeze-drying	HPH	Glibenclamide	164 nm	20 cycles 1500 bar (Micron LAB 40)	Oral	[44]
H 96	Freeze-drying	HPH	Cyclosporin A	440 nm	15 cycles 1500 bar (Micron LAB 40)	Oral	[41]
H 96	Freeze-drying	HPH	Hydrocortisone acetate (HCA)	414 nm	10 cycles 1500 bar (Micron LAB 40)	Oral	[41]
CT	Pearl milling	HPH	Rutin	604 nm	1 cycle 100 bar (Avestin C50)	Topical/oral	[6]
CT	Pearl milling	HPH	Hesperidin	599 nm	5 cycles 1000 bar (Micron LAB 40)	Topical/oral	[6]
CT	Pearl milling	HPH	Apigenin	275 nm	1 cycle 300 bar (Avestin C50)	Topical/oral	[6]