Graphene Embedded Modulator with Extremely Small Footprint and High Modulation Efficiency

Figure 1

The permittivity of an infinite graphene sheet: the green/red/black-dot curve indicates the real part/imaginary part and the absolute value of permittivity. The inset picture indicates an infinite graphene sheet. The chemical potential varies from 0 to 1 eV, and the wavelength is fixed at 1550 nm.