Journal of Parasitology Research
Volume 2009 (2009), Article ID 908085, 5 pages
doi:10.1155/2009/908085
Research Article

Evaluation of Hexane Extract of Tuber of Root of Cyperus rotundus Linn (Cyperaceae) for Repellency against Mosquito Vectors

S. P. Singh, K. Raghavendra, and A. P. Dash

National Institute of Malaria Research (Indian Council of Medical Research), 22-Shamnath Marg, New Delhi 110054, India

Received 12 March 2009; Revised 25 June 2009; Accepted 27 August 2009

Academic Editor: Wej Choochote

Copyright © 2009 S. P. Singh et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Linked References

  1. V. P. Sharma, “Re-emergence of malaria in India,” Indian Journal of Medical Research, vol. 103, pp. 26–45, 1996.
  2. S. K. Subbarao, N. Nanda, and K. Raghavendra, “Malariogenic stratification of India using Anopheles culicifacies sibling species prevalence,” ICMR Bulletin, vol. 29, no. 7, pp. 75–80, 1999.
  3. WHO, International Travel and Health Vaccination Requirement and Health Advice, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 1995.
  4. R. K. Gupta and L. C. Rutledge, “Role of repellents in vector control and disease prevention,” American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, vol. 50, no. 6, supplement, pp. 82–86, 1994.
  5. R. S. Copeland, T. W. Walker, L. L. Robert, J. I. Githure, R. A. Wirtz, and T. A. Klein, “Response of wild Anopheles funestus to repellent-protected volunteers is unaffected by malaria infection of the vector,” Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 438–440, 1995.
  6. E. T. McCabe, W. F. Barthel, S. I. Gertler, and S. A. Halls, “Insect repellents, III. N, N-diethylamides,” The Journal of Organic Chemistry, vol. 19, pp. 493–498, 1954. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
  7. Anonymous, “Are insect repellents safe?” The Lancet, vol. 2, pp. 610–611, 1988.
  8. M. B. Abou-Donia, K. R. Wilmarth, K. F. Jensen, F. W. Oehme, and T. L. Kut, “Neurotoxicity resulting from coexposure to pyridostimine bromide, DEET, and Permethrin-implications of Golf War chemical exposures,” Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, vol. 48, pp. 35–36, 1996. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
  9. R. W. Haley and T. L. Kurt, “Self-reported exposure to neurotoxic chemical combinations in the Gulf War: a cross-sectional epidemiologic study,” Journal of the American Medical Association, vol. 277, no. 3, pp. 231–237, 1997. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
  10. L. L. Robert, et al., “Comparative sensitivity of four anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) to five repellents,” J. Med. Entomol., vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 417–420, 1991.
  11. M. Sasa, Human Filariasis: A Global Survey of Epidemiology and Control, vol. 819, University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, Japan, 1976.
  12. V. K. Dua, N. C. Gupta, A. C. Pandey, and V. P. Sharma, “Repellency of Lantana camara (Verbenaceae) flowers against Aedes mosquitoes,” Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, vol. 12, pp. 406–408, 1996.
  13. T. W. Walker, L. L. Robert, R. A. Copeland, et al., “Field evaluation of arthropod repellents, deet and a piperidine compound, AI3-37220, against Anopheles funestus and Anopheles arabiensis in western Kenya,” Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, vol. 12, no. 2, part 1, pp. 172–176, 1996.
  14. R. E. Coleman, L. L. Robert, L. W. Roberts, et al., “Laboratory evaluation of repellents against four anopheline mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and two phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae),” Journal of Medical Entomology, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 499–502, 1993.
  15. S. P. Frances, R. D. Cooper, and A. W. Sweeney, “Laboratory and field evaluation of the repellents DEET, CIC-4, and AI3-37220 against Anopheles farauti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Australia,” Journal of Medical Entomology, vol. 35, pp. 690–694, 1998.
  16. P. Granett, “Studies of mosquito repellents II Relative performance of certain chemicals and commercially available mixtures as mosquito repellent,” Journal of Economic Entomology, vol. 33, pp. 566–572, 1940.
  17. W. Thorsell, A. Mikiver, I. Malander, and H. Tunón, “Efficacy of plant extracts and oils as mosquito repellents,” Phytomedicine, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 311–323, 1998.
  18. L. C. Rutledge, D. M. Collister, V. E. Meixsell, and G. H. C. Eisenberg, “Comparative sensitivity of representative mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) to repellents,” Journal of Medical Entomology, vol. 20, pp. 506–510, 1983.
  19. M. A. Ansari and R. K. Razdan, “Relative efficacy of various oils in repelling mosquitoes,” Indian Journal of Malariology, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 104–111, 1995.
  20. D. A. Collins, J. N. Brady, and C. F. Curtis, “Assessment of the efficacy of Quwenling as a mosquito repellent,” Phytotherapy Research, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 17–20, 1993. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
  21. V. P. Sharma, M. A. Ansari, and R. K. Razdan, “Mosquito repellent action of neem (Azadirachta indica) oil,” American Mosquito Control Association Journal, vol. 9, pp. 359–360, 1993.
  22. B. M. Matsuda, G. A. Surgeoner, J. D. Heal, A. O. Tucker, and M. J. Maciarello, “Essential oil analysis and field evaluation of the citrosa plant “Pelargonium citrosum” as a repellent against populations of Aedes mosquitoes,” Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 69–74, 1996.
  23. M. A. Ansari, P. Vasudevan, M. Tandon, and R. K. Razdan, “Larvicidal and mosquito repellent action of peppermint (Mentha piperita) oil,” Bioresource Technology, vol. 71, no. 3, pp. 267–271, 2000. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
  24. R. N. Chopra, S. L. Nayar, and I. C. Chopra, Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants, Publications & Information Directorate, New Delhi, India, 1956.
  25. N Singh, V. K. Kulshrestha, M. B. Gupta, and K. P. Bhargava, “A pharmacological study of Cyperus rotundus,” Indian Journal of Medical Research, vol. 58, pp. 103–109, 1970.
  26. V. P. Sharma and M. A. Ansari, “Personal protection from Mosquitoes (Diptera:Culicidae) by burning neem oil in kerosene repellent action of neem,” Journal of Medical Entomology, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 95–102, 1994.
  27. C. E. Schreck and T. P. Mc Govern, “Repellent tests in the field and laboratory against wild populationsof Mansonia titillans (Diptera: Culicidae),” Journal of Medical Entomology, vol. 22, pp. 658–662, 1985.
  28. H. K. Gouck and C. N. Smith, “The effect of age and time of day on the avidity of Aedes aegypti,” The Florida Entomologist, vol. 45, pp. 93–94, 1962. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
  29. A. A. Khan, H. I. Maibach, and D. L. Skidmore, “Insect repellents: effect of mosquito and repellent-related factors on protection time,” Journal of Economic Entomology, vol. 68, no. 1, pp. 43–45, 1975.
  30. R. D. Xue, D. R. Barnard, and C. E. Schreck, “Influence of body size and age of Aedes albopictuson human host attack rates and the repellency of DEET,” Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, vol. 11, pp. 50–53, 1995.
  31. A. Tawatsin, S. D. Wratten, R. R. Scott, U. Thavara, and Y. Techadamrongsin, “Repellency of volatile oils from plants against three mosquito vectors,” Journal of Vector Ecology, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 76–82, 2001.
  32. S. K. Sharma, V. K. Dua, and V. P. Sharma, “Field study on the mosquito repellent action of neem oil,” The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, vol. 26, pp. 180–182, 1995.
  33. L. C. Rutledge, M. A. Moussa, C. A. Lowe, and R. K. Sofield, “Comparative sensitivity of mosquito species and strains to the repellent diethyl methybenzamide,” Journal of Medical Entomology, vol. 14, pp. 536–541, 1978.
  34. R. A. Bram, “The Genus Culex in Thailand (Diptera:Culicidae),” Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, vol. 12, p. 272, 1967.
  35. K. Tanaka, K. Mizusawa, and E. Saugstad, “Mosquitoes of Japan and Korea,” Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, vol. 16, p. 987, 1979.
  36. P. Guptavanij, C. Harinasuta, S. Vutikes, and T. Deesin, “The vectors of periodic and subperiodic Brugia malayi in Thailand Southeast Asian,” Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, vol. 2, pp. 589–590, 1971.