Fascioliasis Control: In Vivo and In Vitro Phytotherapy of Vector Snail to Kill Fasciola Larva
Table 4
In vitro toxicity of different plant products and their active components of plants against the redia larva of Fasciola gigantica.
Exposure
Larvicidal (mg/mL)
LC50
LCL
UCL
Slope-value
t-ratio
-value
Heterogeneity
2 h
Z. O. Ext*
35.39
25.96
68.41
1.73 ± 0.37
4.58
0.18
0.29
Citral
43.21
30.28
91.53
1.71 ± 0.36
4.75
0.17
0.27
F. A. Ext*
5.58
3.96
12.53
1.45 ± 0.35
4.07
0.23
0.14
Ferulic acid
1.96
1.41
4.51
1.47 ± 0.38
3.82
0.26
0.24
Umbelliferone
4.53
2.70
22.59
1.04 ± 0.30
3.45
0.32
0.19
Neem oil
6.81
3.69
48.35
1.16 ± 0.33
3.52
0.31
0.14
Azadirachtin
0.38
0.24
1.42
1.20 ± 0.35
3.42
0.32
0.17
A. S. Ext*
0.81
0.52
2.99
1.42 ± 0.37
3.76
0.27
0.21
Allicin
0.05
0.04
0.15
1.31 ± 0.34
3.76
0.27
0.13
4 h
Z. O. Ext
24.46
18.98
38.64
1.63 ± 0.35
4.66
0.17
0.13
Citral
19.59
14.72
30.48
1.32 ± 0.29
4.56
0.18
0.19
F. A. Ext
3.98
2.79
9.71
1.09 ± 0.33
3.31
0.35
0.12
Ferulic acid
1.16
0.88
1.89
1.32 ± 0.37
3.56
0.30
0.16
Umbelliferone
1.85
1.35
3.00
1.20 ± 0.28
4.66
0.17
0.13
Neem oil
2.62
1.92
4.76
1.35 ± 0.29
4.52
0.18
0.16
Azadirachtin
0.14
0.10
0.18
1.39 ± 0.33
4.14
0.22
0.15
A. S. Ext
0.57
0.37
2.22
1.11 ± 0.33
3.29
0.35
0.13
Allicin
0.03
0.02
0.07
1.20 ± 0.33
3.63
0.29
0.15
6 h
Z. O. Ext
13.88
10.37
18.16
1.49 ± 0.33
4.40
0.19
0.18
Citral
0.97
5.38
12.29
1.96 ± 0.28
4.22
0.21
0.13
F. A. Ext
1.45
0.83
1.93
1.34 ± 0.33
4.06
0.23
0.23
Ferulic acid
0.69
0.50
0.85
1.81 ± 0.39
4.64
0.17
0.13
Umbelliferone
0.77
0.49
1.03
1.40 ± 0.28
4.86
0.16
0.14
Neem oil
1.24
0.87
1.71
1.25 ± 0.28
4.41
0.19
0.15
Azadirachtin
0.10
0.07
0.12
1.92 ± 0.35
5.45
0.12
0.13
A. S. Ext
0.21
0.13
0.31
1.11 ± 0.32
5.94
0.32
0.11
Allicin
0.01
0.01
0.02
1.59 ± 0.33
4.78
0.16
0.14
8 h
Z. O. Ext
8.55
6.30
10.43
2.14 ± 0.37
5.79
0.11
0.18
Citral
4.14
0.02
1.22
1.27 ± 0.30
4,21
0.21
0.22
F. A. Ext
0.85
0.53
1.09
2.46 ± 0.44
5.53
0.12
0.41
Ferulic acid
0.45
0.29
0.57
2.30 ± 0.04
4.99
0.15
0.41
Umbelliferone
0.63
0.41
0.82
1.75 ± 0.30
5.68
0.11
0.19
Neem oil
0.71
0.47
0.92
1.61 ± 0.29
5.40
0.13
0.40
Azadirachtin
0.07
0.05
0.09
1.92 ± 0.37
5.31
0.13
0.18
A. S. Ext
0.11
0.03
0.17
1.04 ± 0.32
3.19
0.37
0.11
Allicin
0.01
0.01
0.02
1.66 ± 0.33
4.94
0.15
0.17
Z. O. Ext: Zingiber officinale, F. A. Ext: Ferula asafoetida extract, A. S. Ext: Allium sativum extract, LCL: lower confidence limits, UCL: upper confidence limits. Six batches of 10 redia larva were exposed to different concentration of the above molluscicides treatments. Mortality was recorded every 2 h. Concentrations given are the final concentration (W/V) in the glass aquarium water. Significant negative regression () was observed between exposure time and LC50 of treatments. TS: testing significant of the regression coefficient. Z. O. Ext: 9.58+, citral: 7.18++, ferulic asafetida: 6.51+, ferulic acid 8.68++, umbelliferone: 10.52++, neem oil: 16.46++, azadirachtin: 13.34++, allium sativum: 1.57+, allicin: 4.43++: linear regression between x and y, ++: nonlinear regression.
