Interactions between Leishmania braziliensis and Macrophages Are Dependent on the Cytoskeleton and Myosin Va

Figure 2

Effect of latrunculin and nocodazole on the production of NO by RAW 264.7 macrophages after interaction with L. brasiliensis. NO levels were inferred from the level of nitrite measured in the media after various treatments. Adherent macrophages were activated (black bars) for 17 h with LPS (100 ng/mL) + IFN-γ (1 𝜇g/mL) or remained untreated (open bars). For the measurement of NO after interactions with parasites in (a), macrophages were treated with latrunculin (5 𝜇M) or nocodazole (5 𝜇M) for 10 min and then exposed to promastigotes for 30 min. In the absence of parasites (b), activated and nonactivated adherent macrophages were treated with latrunculin (5 𝜇M) or nocodazole (5 𝜇M) for 10 min. The bars represent the mean ± standard errors of mean (SEM) of at least three independent experiments performed in triplicate. ^∗𝑃≤0.05 compared to control activated macrophages in (a) and compared to control inactivated macrophages in (b); ^∇𝑃≤0.05 compared to control nonactivated macrophages; ^◆𝑃≤0.05 compared to control activated macrophages.

(a)

(b)