Risk Factors for Asthma in a Helminth Endemic Area in Bahia, Brazil

Table 2

Univariate and multivariate analysis for the association between asthma and possible risk or protector factors.

	Nonasthmatic	Asthmatic	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	(𝑛=291)	(𝑛=44)	OR (95% CI)	𝑃	OR (95% CI)	𝑃
Gender
Female	141 (85.4%)	24 (14.6%)	1.00
Male	150 (88.2%)	20 (11.8%)	0.78 (0.41–1.48)	0.452
Age (years)
6–10	44 (83.0%)	9 (17.0%)	1.00
11–15	48 (81.4%)	11 (18.6%)	1.12 (0.42–2.96)	0.819
16–20	41 (91.1%)	4 (8.9%)	0.48 (0.14–1.67)	0.247
21–30	82 (88.2%)	11 (11.8%)	0.66 (0.25–1.70)	0.386
31–40	43 (89.6%)	5 (10.4%)	0.57 (0.18–1.83)	0.345
41–50	33 (89.2%)	4 (10.8%)	0.59 (0.17–2.09)	0.416
Income ($)
<250	271 (86.9%)	41 (13.1%)	1.00		1.00
250–500	19 (86.4%)	3 (13.6%)	1.04 (0.30–3.68)	0.947	1.14 (0.31–4.17)	0.847
>500	0	0	—	—	—	—
Active smoker
No	240 (88.6%)	31 (11.4%)	1.00		1.00
Yes	32 (74.4%)	11 (25.6%)	2.66 (1.22–5.81)	0.014	5.45 (2.09–14.24)	0.001
Passive smoker
No	190 (92.7%)	15 (7.3%)	1.00		1.00
Yes	97 (78.2%)	27 (21.2%)	3.53 (1.79–6.94)	<0.001	3.67 (1.83–7.34)	<0.001
Family history of allergy
No	180 (87.0%)	27 (13.0%)	1.00		1.00
Yes	65 (84.4%)	12 (15.6%)	1.23 (0.59–2.57)	0.581	1.29 (0.60–2.77)	0.508
Housing quality
Brick house	103 (92.0%)	9 (8.0%)	1.00		1.00
Adobe house	107 (84.3%)	20 (15.7%)	2.14 (0.93–4.92)	0.073	2.03 (0.88–4.72)	0.099
Mud house	48 (87.3%)	7 (12.7%)	1.67 (0.59–4.77)	0.337	1.77 (0.61–5.08)	0.290
Number of inhabitants
1–3	95 (87.2%)	14 (12.8%)	1.00		1.00
4–6	148 (88.1%)	20 (11.9%)	0.92 (0.44–1.90)	0.816	0.76 (0.35–1.64)	0.485
>6	43 (81.1%)	10 (18.9%)	1.58 (0.65–3.83)	0.314	1.40 (0.56–3.52)	0.475
Wood burning stove
No	19 (95.0%)	1 (5.0%)	1.00		1.00
Yes	271 (86.3%)	43 (13.7%)	3.01 (0.39–23.1)	0.288	2.83 (0.37–21.88)	0.319
Exposure to fresh water
No contact	57 (87.7%)	8 (12.3%)	1.00		1.00
Low	86 (93.5%)	6 (6.5%)	0.50 (0.16–1.51)	0.217	0.48 (0.15–1.50)	0.207
Medium	41 (85.4%)	7 (14.6%)	1.22 (0.41–3.62)	0.725	1.26 (0.42–3.81)	0.684
High	107 (82.3%)	23 (17.7%)	1.53 (0.64–3.64)	0.335	1.60 (0.66–3.87)	0.293

Note: Multivariate analysis adjusted by age and gender.