Human Coinfection with Borrelia burgdorferi and Babesia microti in the United States

Table 3

Summary of experimental methodology from four key studies investigating the impact of B. burgdorferi and B. microti coinfection.

Krause et al. (1996) [18]	Human subjects, = 250; B. burgdorferi seropositive: = 214; B. microti seropositive: = 10; Coinfected: = 26	Epidemiological analyses; Clinical evaluation: physical exam and medical history; Serological assessment: blood smears, ELISA, western blot, IFA, and PCR; Statistical analyses: analysis and Student’s -test
Wang et al. (2000) [22]	Human subjects, = 336; Clinical Lyme disease: = 171; Acute concurrent Lyme disease and babesiosis: = 4; B. burgdorferi seropositive: = 112; B. microti seropositive: = 48; B. burgdorferi and B. microti seropositive: = 27	Epidemiological analyses; Clinical evaluation: physical exam and medical history; Serological assessment: western blot and antibody-capture EIA; for B. burgdorferi; IFA for B. microti; Statistical analyses: analysis and Student’s -test
Moro et al. (2002) [54]	Mouse model; Species: C3H/HeJ and BALB/c	Histopathological analysis for arthritis and carditis; Spirochete quantification: competitive PCR; Tissue cytokine analysis: ELISA
Coleman et al. (2005) [55]	Mouse model; Species: C3H/HeN and BALB/c	Histopathological analysis for arthritis, carditis, and splenomegaly; Spirochete quantification: quantitative PCR; Serological assessment: ELISA, indirect immunofluorescence assays; (IFA), complete blood count, and blood smears