Research Article
Plasmodium Parasitaemia and Urine Alterations among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Aba Metropolis, Abia State, Nigeria
Table 3
Associations between malaria infection and presence of various urine markers.
| | Not infected | Infected | Chi-square test | | 95% CI | No. | % | No. | % | Value | Df | value | Cramer’s | OR | Lower | Upper |
| Proteinuria | Negative | 143 | 47.49 | 157 | 52.51 | 104.775 | 1 | <0.001 | 0.483 | 274.14 | 16.91 | 4444.00 | Positive | 0 | 0.00 | 151 | 100.00 | Bilirubinuria | Negative | 140 | 42.81 | 187 | 57.19 | 70.203 | 1 | <0.001 | 0.395 | 45.29 | 11.01 | 186.34 | Positive | 2 | 1.63 | 121 | 98.37 | Ascorbic acid | Negative | 110 | 30.64 | 249 | 69.36 | 0.688 | 1 | 0.407 | N/A | 0.82 | 0.51 | 1.33 | Positive | 32 | 35.16 | 60 | 64.84 | Urobilinogenuria | Negative | 142 | 36.13 | 251 | 63.87 | 30.091 | 1 | <0.001 | 0.259 | 65.16 | 4.00 | 1062.40 | Positive | 0 | 0.00 | 57 | 100.00 | Blood | Negative | 141 | 32.41 | 294 | 67.59 | 4.451 | 1 | 0.035 | 0.099 | 6.71 | 0.87 | 51.57 | Positive | 1 | 6.67 | 14 | 93.33 | Nitrate | Negative | 140 | 31.39 | 306 | 68.61 | 0.636 | 1 | 0.425 | N/A | 0.46 | 0.06 | 3.28 | Positive | 2 | 50.00 | 2 | 50.00 | Ketone | Negative | 140 | 31.46 | 305 | 68.54 | 0.636 | 1 | 0.425 | N/A | 0.69 | 0.11 | 4.17 | Positive | 2 | 40.00 | 3 | 60.00 |
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