Research Article

Balancing Treatment Allocation over Continuous Covariates: A New Imbalance Measure for Minimization

Table 2

Comparison of 𝐸 𝐷 a l l , 𝐸 𝐷 k s , and 𝐸 𝐷 m a x for 𝑝 = 1 .

𝐸 𝐷 a l l (s.e.) 𝐸 𝐷 k s (s.e.) 𝐸 𝐷 m a x (s.e.)

EFRON 0.00 (.0000).209 (.0010) 8.78 (.030)
K-S 13.14 (.1396).096 (.0002)15.08 (.120)
DSCRT
𝑚 = 2 0.49 (.0121).171 (.0007)8.03 (.027)
𝑚 = 4 0.93 (.0150).140 (.0005)6.93 (.021)
𝑚 = 8 1.45 (.0190).119 (.0004)6.16 (.018)
MAX-IMB 1.19 (.0170).108 (.0003)4.90 (.010)
RANK-SUM 2.82 (.0317).196 (.0008)9.24 (.035)
WGT-AVE
𝑐 0 = 2 0.52 (.0183).136 (.0005)6.82 (.023)
𝑐 0 = 4 1.59 (.0414).132 (.0004)7.16 (.034)
𝑐 0 = 6 2.56 (.0541).132 (.0004)7.63 (.044)