Balancing Treatment Allocation over Continuous Covariates: A New Imbalance Measure for Minimization

Table 3

𝑍∼Unif[0,1]. Comparison of 𝐸𝐷_area, 𝐸𝐷_mean, and 𝐸𝐷_std for 𝑝=2/3.

	𝐸𝐷mean×10^2 (s.e.)	𝐸𝐷std×10^2 (s.e.)	𝐸𝐷area×10^2 (s.e.)
EFRON	5.96 (.063)	2.79 (.030)	8.30 (.051)
K-S	2.29 (.028)	1.77 (.020)	5.02 (.022)
DSCRT
𝑚=2	3.60 (.039)	2.72 (.029)	6.33 (.030)
𝑚=4	3.22 (.036)	1.92 (.021)	5.56 (.027)
𝑚=8	3.80 (.042)	1.86 (.020)	5.75 (.033)
MAX-IMB	3.75 (.041)	2.10 (.023)	6.04 (.032)
RANK-SUM	5.85 (.063)	2.76 (.029)	8.27 (.050)
WGT-AVE
𝑐0=2	4.26 (.050)	2.42 (.026)	6.78 (.040)
𝑐0=4	3.53 (.042)	2.34 (.025)	6.14 (.034)
𝑐0=6	3.26 (.040)	2.25 (.025)	5.88 (.032)