Balancing Treatment Allocation over Continuous Covariates: A New Imbalance Measure for Minimization

Table 4

𝑍∼Norm[0,1]. Comparison of 𝐸𝐷_area, 𝐸𝐷_mean, and 𝐸𝐷_std for 𝑝=2/3.

	𝐸𝐷mean×10^2 (s.e.)	𝐸𝐷std×10^2 (s.e.)	𝐸𝐷area×10^2 (s.e.)
EFRON	20.66 (.220)	14.79 (.158)	6.78 (.035)
K-S	9.47 (.112)	11.45 (.124)	4.61 (.018)
DSCRT
𝑚=2	14.08 (.152)	14.64 (.155)	5.62 (.024)
𝑚=4	12.32 (.133)	12.39 (.135)	5.00 (.020)
𝑚=8	13.44 (.149)	11.60 (.126)	5.00 (.023)
MAX-IMB	14.17 (.154)	12.61 (.137)	5.28 (.023)
RANK-SUM	20.24 (.218)	14.67 (.157)	6.77 (.035)
WGT-AVE
𝑐0=2	15.46 (.176)	13.75 (.147)	5.80 (.029)
𝑐0=4	13.21 (.152)	13.53 (.143)	5.39 (.025)
𝑐0=6	12.59 (.147)	13.36 (.143)	5.22 (.023)