|
Technology | Capital cost | Advantages | Disadvantages |
Application |
/kW | /kWh | kWh/cycle | Energy | Power |
|
PSA | 600–2000 | 5–200 | 0.1–2 | High capacity, low cost | Special site requirement | Fully capable and reasonable | Not feasible or economical |
|
MA | 2800–5000 | 500–950 | 90–100 | Very high energy density | Electric charging is difficult | Fully capable and reasonable | Not feasible or economical |
|
FB | 400–2900 | 110–2000 | 6–90 | High capacity, independent power and energy ratings | Low energy density | Fully capable and reasonable | Reasonable for this application |
|
NaS | 1000–3000 | 300–950 | 8–50 | High power and energy densities, high efficiency | High production costs and safety concerns | Fully capable and reasonable | Fully capable and reasonable |
|
LA | 300–900 | 200–1500 | 20–100 | Low capital cost | Limited cycle life when deeply discharged | Feasible but not quite practical or economical | Fully capable and reasonable |
|
NiCd | 500–1500 | 800–3000 | 20–100 | High power and energy densities, high efficiency | High production cost requires special charging circuit | Reasonable for this application | Fully capable and reasonable |
|
LI | 1200–4000 | 600–5000 | 15–100 | High power and energy densities, high efficiency | High production cost requires special charging circuit | Feasible but not quite practical or economical | Fully capable and reasonable |
|
FES | 250–800 | 1000–7000 | 3–40 | High power | Low energy density | Feasible but not quite practical or economical | Fully capable and reasonable |
|
FC | 10000+ | | 6000–20000 |
High efficiency, fuel flexibility,and solid electrolyte reduce corrosion and management problems, quick start-up | High temperature enhances corrosion and breakdown of cell components | Fully capable and reasonable | Fully capable and reasonable |
|
ZnBr | 700–2500 | 150–1000 | 5–80 | High capacity, independent power and energy ratings | Low energy density | Fully capable and reasonable | Reasonable for this application |
|
AVR | 600–1500 | 150–1000 | 5–80 | High capacity, independent power and energy ratings | Low energy density | Fully capable and reasonable | Reasonable for this application |
|
SC | 100–700 | 100–2000 | 2–40 | Long cycle life, high efficiency | Low energy density | Reasonable for this application | Fully capable and reasonable |
|
SMES | 200–300 | 1000–850000 | 350–489 | Useful for power regulation on smaller, highly critical equipment such as computer systems | Very short timescales (<10 s), not for bulk power storage | Reasonable for this application | Fully capable and reasonable |
|
CAS | 400–1000 | 2–110 | 2–6 | High capacity, low cost | Special site requirement needs gas fuel | Fully capable and reasonable | Not feasible or economical |
|