|
| Type of sensors | Detection limit, ppb | Advantages | Disadvantages |
|
Optical:
UV absorbance
UV-LIDAR technique |
1–30
20–200 | Absolute measurements; reliability; RT operation; good selectivity; high accuracy; quick response; high resolution, high measuring range; long life time; acceptable for stationary instruments | Need UV source; interference from some organics and mercury; rather large size; fairly expensive per unit. This makes it very difficult if not impossible to design cheap portable device for in situ monitoring, in real-time distribution of ozone concentrations within large geographic areas |
|
Optochemical:
chemiluminescence, fluorescence |
7–10 | High sensitivity; RT operation | Need fuel and light source; fairly expensive per unit; the broadband character of luminescence spectra as well as the ubiquitous presence of naturally fluorescent compounds leads luminescence sensors to suffer from a critical lack of selectivity; sensitive to temperature fluctuations and other environmental factors that quench fluorescence |
|
| Electrochemical | 50–100 | Low-power consumption; RT operation; response is relatively quick; high accuracy; monitoring is continuous; high sensitivity; inexpensive and compact device acceptable for portable and fixed instruments | Less selective than optical technologies; sensitive to toxic gases and oxygen; have limitations in conditions of exploitation (temperature, pressure, and humidity); short life time at high concentration of ozone; drift is possible; need calibration; not fail-safe |
|
Chemical:
chemical titration, diffusive and pumped ozone badges |
20–200 | Inexpensive; simple; easy to use; RT operation | Low sensitivity; it is not selective; it is not a continuous monitoring process; tapes have limited life span and must be stored properly in control conditions |
|
| Polymer-based | >1000 | Small size; RT operation; low consumable power; good sensitivity; acceptable for portable instruments | Commonly not selective; some polymers react strongly to water vapor; degradation under UV irradiation and ozone influence; drift is possible; need regular calibration |
|
Conductometric
metal oxide (MeOx) heated | 5–10 | High sensitivity to ozone; fast response; low-cost; robust; small size; wide operating temperature range; resistant to corrosive environments; long operating life; compact and durable; acceptable for portable instruments | Commonly not selective; drift of operating characteristics is possible; need regular calibration; nonlinear response; need oxygen; high enough power consumption; not fail-safe |
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