Thermal Expansion Measurements in Fresh and Saline Ice Using Fiber Optic Strain Gauges and Multipoint Temperature Sensors Based on Bragg Gratings

Figure 15

Experimentally measured ECTE, plotted as a function of temperature for fresh ice (a) and for saline ice (b). I: unconstrained sample, shown by unshaded circles; II: sample with one pipe, shown by shaded circles; and III: sample with two pipes.

(a)

(b)