Table 3: Germ cell proteins expressed in cancer and proposed function.

Gene Germ cell function Cancer function Mechanism Reference Class I MAGE Apoptosis inhibition Proliferation Kap1-p53 corepressor [38] PRAME Apoptosis inhibition Proliferation Retinoic acid receptor [39] MAGE-A1 Transcriptional regulation Aberrant transcriptional regulation SKIP, HDAC1 [40] GAGE Gene expression regulation Aberrant gene expression   [41] LDHC Lactose metabolism Metabolic efficiency   [42] SPO-11 Recombination Chromosomal instability Double-stranded breaks [4] SCP-1 Recombination Chromosomal instability Homologous pairing [4] REC8* Chromosome segregation Aneuploidy Regulated cohesion expression [43] TERT* Genome protection Immortalization Telomere lengthening [44]

Germ cell proteins also expressed in cancer but not currently defined as CTAs.