Current Data on Risk Factor Estimates Does Not Explain the Difference in Rates of Melanoma between Hispanics and Non-Hispanic Whites

Table 1

Summary of relative risks (RR) and prevalence of risk factors.

Risk factor	Category	RR	95% CI	RR range	Prevalence (%)		Expected rate ratio	Source
					NHW	Hispanic	(Observed = 7.25)
Hair color	Blonde	1.96	1.41–2.72	0.45–4.13	13.60–46.80	0.90–3.60	1.26	Park et al., 2012 [15]; Cockburn et al., 2007 [16], CTP
	Red	3.64	2.56–5.37	1.73–4.94	3.10–3.20	0.30–1.30	1.06	Park et al., 2012 [15]; Cockburn et al., 2007 [16], CTP
Phototype	Fitzpatrick type I	2.09	1.67–2.58	2.36–2.64	5.00–7.60	1.00–3.30	1.04	Lin et al., 2012 [17]; Galindo et al., 2007 [8]
	Fitzpatrick type II	1.84	1.43–2.36	1.82–4.13	26.70–39.00	10.70–12.00	1.16	Lin et al., 2012 [17]; Galindo et al., 2007 [8]
	Fitzpatrick type I or II	2.99	1.75–5.12	1.31–2.90	34.30–44.00	13.00–14.00	1.40	Lin et al., 2012 [17]; Galindo et al., 2007 [8]
Freckles	Many freckles	2.10	1.80–2.45	1.55–3.72	7.43 (controls)	Not available	~
Nevi	Many nevi	4.82	3.05–7.62	1.50–6.50	11.66 (controls)	Not available	~
	Many large nevi	3.05		1.19–5.70	5.70	3.60	1.04	CTP
Sunburn	Many sunburns (lifetime)	2.03	1.73–2.37	0.59–8.48	7.50–20.70	3.80–4.00	1.10	Park et al., 2012 [15]; CHIS 2009 [18]
	Many sunburns (childhood)	2.24	1.73–2.89	1.00–6.22	13.70 (controls)	Not available	~
	Ever had sunburn (lifetime)	1.21		1.10–5.70	61.8	21	1.08	Park et al., 2012 [15]
	Ever had sunburn (childhood)	1.47		0.90–3.56	28.19 (controls)	Not available	~
Sun exposure	High total lifetime sun exposure	1.34	1.02–1.77	0.80–4.34	27.11 (controls)	Not available	~
	High intermittent sun exposure	1.61	1.31–1.99	0.65–5.00	40.54 (controls)	Not available	~
	High chronic sun exposure	0.95	0.87–1.04	0.33–2.57	5.44 (controls)	12.00	1.00	Coups et al., 2012 [19]

RR represents summary statistic from meta-analysis by Gandini et al., 2005 [20–22] (I, II, and III) or median of RR range where summary statistic is not reported.
Expected ratio of incidence rates (NHW/Hispanic) based on prevalence of risk factor in each population and RR provided. Median prevalence value is used when a range is provided.
CTP: California Twin Program; prevalence data for NHWs is described by Cockburn et al., 2007 [16], and prevalence data for Hispanics comes from the same data set.
~Expected rate ratio cannot be calculated because prevalence in Hispanics is unknown.