Clinical Outcomes and Complications of Cortical Button Distal Biceps Repair: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Table 2

Clinical results of included studies.

Main author	Number of patients	Range of motion							Strength testing				Mean MEPS	Mean ASES	Mean DASH
		Flexion/extension			Supination/pronation				AVFS (%)	AVSS (%)	SAT	NS
		AVROM	SAT	NS	AVP	AVS	SAT	NS
Bain [10]	10	5°–146°	9	1	80	81	9	1	NR	NR	10	—	NR	NR	NR
Greenberg [11]	11	−4°–141°	11	—	73	74	11	—	97	82	11	—	NR	NR	NR
Spencer Jr. [20]	15								100	100	15	—	NR	NR
Group (6 pt)		−1.5°–139.1°	6	—	75.8	76.6	6	—							3.1
Group (9 pt)		−1.5°–138.5°	9	—	77.5	76.5	9	—							1
Peeters [21]	17	−2°–134°	16	1	77	76	12	5	80	91	11	6	93.8	NR	NR
Dillon [26]	17	0°–135°	17	—	67	72	13	4	101	99	15	2	NR	98.7	NR
Gupta [27]	8	0°–143°	8	—	77	81	8	—	NR	NR	—	—	100	NR	0
Banerjee [23]	27
Group (18 pt)		1.1°–147.2°	18		89.4	85.8	18		94	92.9	18		100	98	0.3
Group (9 pt)		−1.7°–142.2°		9	88.9	78.3		9	88	77.6		9	77.8	87.8	5.2
Total	105		94 (89.5)%	11 (10.5%)			86 (82%)	19 (18%)			80 (82.4%)	17 (17.6%)

Group 1: supervised physiotherapy group; Group 2: no therapy; Group 1: without complications; Group 2: with complications; MEPS: Mayo Elbow Performance Score; ASES: American Shoulder & Elbow Surgeons Score; DASH: Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder & Hand Score; NR: not reported; AVROM: average range of motion; AVP: average pronation; AVS: average supination; AVFS: average flexion strength; AVSS: average supination strength; SAT: satisfied; NS: nonsatisfied; studies in Group B are highlighted with bold.