Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training Protocols on Liver Enzymes and Wellness in Women
Table 2
Summary of changes in cardiometabolic variables over time between R-HIIT (n = 7) and MM-HIIT (n = 9) groups from ANCOVA.
Outcome and group
Baseline (unadjusted means)
Postintervention (unadjusted means)
Postintervention (adjusted means)
Adjusted mean difference (95% CI)
Effect size (partial eta squared)
value
Resting heart rate (bpm)
R-HIIT
74.71 ± 8.75
74.14 ± 5.84
70.60 ± 8.09
−2.17 (−12.45 to 8.11)
0.019
0.651
MM-HIIT
68.56 ± 4.95
67.22 ± 6.63
68.43 ± 7.72
Systolic blood pressure (mm/Hg)
R-HIIT
113.14 ± 9.07
112.90 ± 6.34
114.00 ± 4.75
−3.26 (−9.24 to 2.72)
0.116
0.255
MM-HIIT
109.78 ± 4.33
111.59 ± 5.19
110.74 ± 4.54
Diastolic blood pressure (mm/Hg)
R-HIIT
75.00 ± 5.98
74.10 ± 5.44
73.72 ± 4.43
−3.273 (−8.93 to 2.38)
0.129
0.229
MM-HIIT
70.61 ± 6.01
70.15 ± 5.30
70.44 ± 4.22
Triglycerides (mg/dL)
R-HIIT
83.86 ± 19.62
82.43 ± 45.90
78.92 ± 46.01
30.70 (−27.69 to 89.09)
0.109
0.272
MM-HIIT
96.67 ± 60.83
106.89 ± 62.93
109.62 ± 43.92
Glucose (mg/dL)
R-HIIT
95.14 ± 7.38
96.71 ± 8.18
94.04 ± 5.88
2.05 (−5.33 to 9.42)
0.033
0.553
MM-HIIT
91.89 ± 7.72
94.00 ± 7.00
96.08 ± 5.64
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)
R-HIIT
189.71 ± 20.45
182.29 ± 19.54
168.96 ± 20.72
−12.04 (−38.92 to 14.84)
0.080
0.346
MM-HIIT
150.78 ± 20.14
146.56 ± 16.37
156.92 ± 19.60
HDL-c (mg/dL)
R-HIIT
60.86 ± 5.18
56.57 ± 7.70
55.76 ± 7.13
−0.14 (−9.16 to 8.89)
0.000
0.974
MM-HIIT
57.11 ± 11.17
55.00 ± 13.24
55.63 ± 6.82
LDL-c (mg/dL)
R-HIIT
111.71 ± 16.59
109.00 ± 12.57
96.80 ± 17.72
−17.31 (−40.79 to 6.16)
0.193
0.133
MM-HIIT
74.67 ± 15.85
70.00 ± 16.24
79.49 ± 16.60
ALT (U/L)
R-HIIT
31.14 ± 16.28
16.43 ± 6.32
11.16 ± 7.63
13.16 (3.40 to 22.92)
0.444
0.013
MM-HIIT
23.11 ± 8.21
20.22 ± 7.84
24.32 ± 7.26
AST (U/L)
R-HIIT
29.29 ± 9.93
22.29 ± 2.75
17.62 ± 7.05
10.79 (1.67 to 19.90)
0.381
0.024
MM-HIIT
24.11 ± 5.88
24.78 ± 7.45
28.41 ± 6.68
Plus-minus values are means ± SD with postintervention means being adjusted for covariates of baseline values, waist circumference, and waist-to-height ratio, and data in parentheses are 95% CI. Mean difference is based on rowing group minus multimodal group after the intervention. HDL-c = high-density lipoprotein; LDL-c = low-density lipoprotein; ALT = alanine aminotransferase; AST = aspartate aminotransferase; MM-HIIT = multimodal high-intensity interval training; R-HIIT = rowing high-intensity interval training.
