Evidence That Sleep Is an Indicator of Overtraining during the Competition Phase of Adolescent Sprinters

Table 3

Mean ± SD and between-group effects as mean difference (95% confidence interval) for fatigue, total mood state, and other POMS scores corresponding to different phases of an athletic season.

Variable	T1	T2	T3	T4	Total between-group effects, MG-AG (95% CI)
Fatigue	6.0 ± 1.9	9.7 ± 5.7^a	8.2 ± 5.7^a	7.8 ± 5.0^a
MG	6.9 ± 1.1	13.3 ± 5.7	14.4 ± 4.0^‡	13.7 ± 2.9^‡	6.4 (3.9, 8.9)
AG	5.5 ± 2.1	7.8 ± 4.8	4.9 ± 3.0	4.5 ± 2.1
Tension	8.4 ± 4.7	8.0 ± 5.0	7.4 ± 4.8	7.2 ± 4.1
MG	11.1 ± 3.6	10.6 ± 4.4	10.1 ± 4.7	9.9 ± 3.6^‡	4.2 (0.7, 7.7)
AG	6.9 ± 4.6	6.5 ± 4.9	5.9 ± 4.2	5.7 ± 3.7
Anger	6.6 ± 5.8	6.1 ± 5.7	6.0 ± 5.4	5.6 ± 4.4
MG	7.1 ± 6.8	9.6 ± 5.4	7.4 ± 5.2	7.7 ± 4.9	3.1 (-1.4, 7.7)
AG	6.0 ± 5.3	4.2 ± 5.0	5.2 ± 5.6	4.5 ± 3.9
Vigor	14.6 ± 3.4	13.7 ± 2.9	13.8 ± 3.5	13.5 ± 3.6
MG	12.6 ± 2.7	13.0 ± 2.8	13.4 ± 2.5	12.6 ± 2.6	-1.1 (-3.9, 1.8)
AG	14.0 ± 2.9	14.0 ± 2.9	13.9 ± 4.0	13.9 ± 4.0
Depression	7.4 ± 4.3	6.6 ± 5.8	4.8 ± 4.7	5.1 ± 4.0
MG	8.6 ± 4.9	10.0 ± 5.4^‡	6.4 ± 5.3	7.7 ± 3.7^‡	3.4 (-0.1, 7.0)
AG	6.8 ± 4.1	4.7 ± 5.3	3.9 ± 4.3	3.7 ± 3.6
Confusion	5.7 ± 3.9	5.7 ± 4.4	5.5 ± 3.3	5.6 ± 3.1
MG	7.0 ± 4.9	6.7 ± 5.4	6.7 ± 3.5	7.0 ± 3.3	2.0 (-1.1, 5.1)
AG	4.9 ± 3.2	5.0 ± 3.8	4.9 ± 3.2	4.9 ± 2.8
TMD	19.4 ± 17.7	22.3 ± 24.2	18.0 ± 19.7	17.8 ± 18.1
MG	27.8 ± 16.7	37.3 ± 21.7^‡	31.7 ± 20.7^‡	33.4 ± 17.6^‡	20.3 (4.8, 35.9)
AG	14.9 ± 17.0	14.2 ± 22.1	9.3 ± 12.0	9.3 ± 12.0

^†Significant time effect (repeated measure ANOVA, ). ^∗Significant group × time interaction (repeated measure ANOVA, ). ‡Significant group difference (independent t-test, ). ^aSignificantly different from T1. MG: maladapted group; AG: adapted group; TMD: total mood disturbance.