Can Biofluids Metabolic Profiling Help to Improve Healthcare during Pregnancy?

Table 1

List of 2nd trimester amniotic fluid, urine, and blood plasma samples collected.

Condition	AF	Urine	Blood plasma
Controls*	82	25	20
Fetal malformations (FM)*	27	29	27
Prediagnostic gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)*	27	29	14
Preterm delivery (PTD)*	12	19	6
Preeclampsia (PE)	5	5	2
Premature rupture of membranes (PROM)*	34	38	18
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)	6	5	4
Chromosomal disorders (CD)*	10 (1)	25 (9)	23 (8)

*Groups with sufficient sample numbers to allow multivariate analysis to be performed, at this stage. Numbers in brackets indicate number of trisomy 21 cases.