Possibilities of High Resolution Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry in the Determination of Trace Elements in Environmental Materials

Table 1

Specification of ICP-OES spectrometer: HORIBA Jobin-Yvon ULTIMA 2 (France) and ICP operating conditions.

Monochromator	HORIBA Jobin-Yvon ULTIMA 2
Mounting	Czerny-Turner, focal length 1 m
Grating	Holographic, 2400 grooves mm^−1
Wavelength range	first and second order
Entrance slit	0.015/0.02 mm
Exit slit	0.02/0.08 mm
Practical spectral bandwidth	5 pm in the 2nd order from 160 nm to 320 nm; and 10 pm in the 1st order from 320 to 800 nm
Detectors	High dynamic detectors based on PMT’s
Radio frequency generator	Solid state RF 40.68 MHz
Frequency power output	40.68 MHz; 0. 5–1.55 kW
Nebulizer	Meinhard, concentric glass, type TR 50 C1
Spray chamber	JY Glass cyclonic spray chamber
Plasma torch	Fully demountable torch
Pump	Peristaltic, two channels, twelve-roller
Operating conditions
Incident power, (kW)	1.00
Outer argon flow rate, (L min^−1)	13
Nebulizer, pressure, (bar)	3.2
Carrier gas flow rate, (L min^−1)	0.4
Sheath gas flow rate, (L min^−1)	0.2
Sum = carrier gas + sheath gas flow rate, (L min^−1)	0.6
Liquid uptake rate, (mL min^−1)	1.0
Observation height, (mm)	10
Excitation temperature ≈𝑇exc, (K)	7200