Journal of Toxicology / 2012 / Article / Tab 4 / Review Article
Metal Toxicity at the Synapse: Presynaptic, Postsynaptic, and Long-Term Effects Table 4 Effects of organic metals on presynaptic targets (↑—activation/upregulation, ↓ —inhibition/downregulation).
Target MeHg Me3 Pb Et3 Pb Me3 Sn Et3 Sn Effect Conc Ref Effect Conc Ref Effect Conc Ref Effect Conc Ref Effect Conc Ref Voltage-gated channels Calcium channels L N ↓ 1.3 μ M [8 ] T R ↓ 1.1 μ M [8 ] All(i) ↓ 0.25–1 μ M [44 ] ↓ 0.5–50 μ M [45 ] Potassium channels ↓ 2.2 μ M [46 ] ATPases ↓ 260 μ M [47 ] Na+ K+ ATPase ↓ 5–20 μ M [48 ] ↓ 5–20 μ M [48 ] ↓ Transporters Na+ -dependent GABA transporter ↓ 10 μ M [49 ] ↓ 10 μ M [49 ] ↓ Pathways IP3 ↑ 3 μ M [50 ] Intracellular Calcium ↑ (0.5–1) μ M [51 ] Synapsin I ↓ [52 ] p38 ↓ [52 ] Neurotransmitters GABA ↑(iii) 10 μ M [49 ] ↑(ii) 75 μ M [53 ] ↓ Dopamine ↓ [54 ] Norepinephrine ↑(ii) 43 μ M [53 ] ↓ Serotonin ↑(ii) 24 μ M [53 ] ↓
(i) Paper does not describe which subtype is affected(ii) Decreases uptake of neurotransmitter into synaptosomes, thereby probably increasing the amount in cleft(iii) Release of neurotransmitter from vesicles is being measured.
