Table 1: Redox potential of nanomaterial dispersion in various liquid media; the value quoted (in mV) is relative to the standard hydrogen reference electrode. The values in bracket show the difference in value with respect to the corresponding blank liquid media.

Sample name Redox potential (mV) of nanomaterial dispersions DI water Fish medium Seawater Daphnia medium Liquid media with no nanomaterials 405 418 384 425 Nanograin CeO2 (Umicore Belgium) 416 (11 mV) 439 (21 mV) 384 (0 mV) 415 (−10 mV) Nanosun ZnO (Micronisers, Australia) 398 (−7 mV) 424 (6 mV) 380 (−4 mV) 415 (−10 mV) Micron ZnO (Sigma Aldrich, UK) 398 (−7 mV) 430 (12 mV) 374 (−10 mV) 415 (−10 mV) Z-COTE ZnO (BASF, Germany) 396 (−9 mV) 427 (9 mV) 379 (−5 mV) 422 (−3 mV) Micron CeO2 (Sigma Aldrich, UK) 422 (17 mV) 430 (12 mV) 382 (−2 mV) 429 (4 mV) Ceria dry CeO2 (Antaria, Australia) 414 (9 mV) 436 (18 mV) 387 (3 mV) 426 (1 mV)