The Redox System in C. elegans, a Phylogenetic Approach

Figure 4

Glutathione-glutaredoxin and thioredoxin redox regulation systems. (a) Thioredoxin receives electrons from thioredoxin reductase and uses these to directly reduce protein disulfides. (b) Glutathione receives electrons from glutathione disulfide reductase; however, reduction of protein disulfides by glutathione is mediated through glutaredoxin. These two systems have similar functions, although there is evidence that indicates they each interact with different subsets of proteins. Arrows represent a change in redox state (loss or gain of electrons).