Journal of Toxicology / 2012 / Article / Tab 1 / Review Article
Drug-Induced Oxidative Stress and Toxicity Table 1 Examples of toxicities associated with drug-induced oxidative stress.
Therapeutic class Drug Example toxicities Evidence for oxidative stress Antineoplastic (anthracycline) Doxorubicin Cardiac toxicity Reduction of doxorubicin to free radical increases ROS in cardiomyocytes. Lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis [111 , 112 ] Antiretroviral AZT Skeletal myopathy, cardiac toxicity Increased ROS and NOS (peroxide and peroxynitrate). Overexpression of superoxidase dismutase/catalase protects against toxicity, apoptosis [86 , 113 ] Anti-inflammatory Diclofenac Nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity Oxidative stress generated by a cation radical or redox cycling of intermediates derived from hydroxylation. Multifactorial perturbations in mitochondrial dysfunction [114 , 115 ] Analgesia Paracetamol Hepatotoxicity Formation of reactive metabolite, depletion of glutathione, activation of proapoptotic proteins. Mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation [116 ] Antineoplastic (platinum) Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity Increases in superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical. Depletion of antioxidants GSH-peroxidase and GSH-reductase. Mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis [93 , 97 , 99 , 117 ] Antipsychotic Chlorpromazine Dermal toxicity (due to phototoxicity) Generation of singlet oxygen and superoxide in response to UVA/B irradiation [102 ]