Cumulative Risk Assessment Toolbox: Methods and Approaches for the Practitioner

Table 1

Five categories and example resources from the CRA toolbox tables.

Topic	Resource count	Resource highlights
Planning, scoping, and problem formulation	18	Includes resources for the main category shown as well as for the subcategories of stakeholder involvement and data quality; it also includes a geographic assessment tool for Environmental Justice (EJ) applications and other prioritization tools, together with project-specific examples.
Environmental fate and transport analysis	24	Includes resources for physicochemical constants, guidance for determining background concentrations in soil, soil screening, and selected models available from the EPA Center for Subsurface Modeling Support (CSMoS).
Exposure analysis (extending to human factors)	15	Includes resources linked to fate and transport that also extend to human activities, such as technical information and models to predict dispersion of airborne contaminants released from industrial facilities and waste sites. It also includes resources for exposure factors, sociodemographic data, and the human exposure assessment database.
Toxicity analysis	12	Includes resources for toxicity reference values for specific exposure routes and durations, criteria for determining similar chemicals or surrogates for assessing mixtures, and approaches for assessing joint toxicity.
Risk and uncertainty characterization and presentation of results	10	Includes a cumulative risk index analysis, a spatial analysis and decision assistance tool, and other geographic information system (GIS)-based tools, as well as probabilistic approaches and a method for developing an environmental load profile.