A Systematic Review of Carcinogenic Outcomes and Potential Mechanisms from Exposure to 2,4-D and MCPA in the Environment

Table 4

Epidemiologic studies by histological subtype for NHL.

Type of lymphoma	Number exposed	Chlorophenoxys	MCPA	2,4-D and/or 2,4,5-T	Reference
B-cell lymphomas total	819	1.99 (1.2–2.32)	2.59 (1.14–5.91)	1.69 (0.94–3.01)	Eriksson et al. [71]
	665	1.47 (0.33–6.64)			Fritschi et al. [67]
Lymphocytic	196	2.11 (0.99–4.47)	2.57 (0.74–8.97)	1.93 (0.85–4.41)	Eriksson et al. [71]
Follicular	165	1.26 (0.42–3.75)	—	1.21 (0.35–4.22)	Eriksson et al. [71]
	227	1.15 (0.12–11.2)			Fritschi et al.[67]
	27	0.8 (0.2–3.6)			Orsi et al. [70]
Diffuse large B cell	239	2.6 (1.08–4.33)	3.94 (1.48–10.5)	1.65 (0.71–3.82)	Eriksson et al. [71]
	231	2.16 (0.36–13.1)			Fritschi et al. [67]
	30	1.0 (0.4–2.8)			Orsi et al. [70]
Other specified B cell	131	2.60 (1.20–5.64)	3.2 (0.95–10.7)	2.21 (0.9–5.44)	Eriksson et al. [71]
Unspecified B cell	89	1.14 (0.33–3.95)	1.35 (0.16–11.2)	0.88 (0.2–3.92)	Eriksson et al. [71]
T cell	53	1.62 (0.36–7.25)	2.4 (0.29–20)	1.02 (0.13–7.95)	Eriksson et al. [71]
Unspecified NHL	38	3.75 (1.16–12.1)	9.31 (2.11–41.2)	3.21 (0.85–12.1)	Eriksson et al. [71]

Hoar et al. [57] reported no differences in the ORs associated with herbicide use when cases were categorized by histological subtype (specific results not reported).
Hardell et al. [56] reported no differences in the ORs associated with herbicide use when cases were categorized by histological subtype (specific results not reported).