A Systematic Review of Carcinogenic Outcomes and Potential Mechanisms from Exposure to 2,4-D and MCPA in the Environment

Table 5

ToxCast assay results for 2,4-D and MCPA.

ToxCast assay	2,4-D	MCPA	Description
	(μM)
ACEA_LOCinc	1.2		Change in cell growth kinetics.
BSK_SAg_CD38_up		1.5	Novel multifunctional ectoenzyme widely expressed in cells and tissues especially in leukocytes. CD38 also functions in cell adhesion, signal transduction, and calcium signaling. Highly expressed in NHL.
BSK_SM3C_Proliferation_down		1.5	Primary bronchial vascular epithelial smooth muscle cells; proliferation.
BSK_BE3C_IL1a_up	1.5		This interleukin 1 cytokine is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in various immune responses, inflammatory processes, and hematopoiesis.
BSK_BE3C_uPAR_up	1.5		Encodes the receptor for urokinase plasminogen activator.
BSK_BE3C_uPAR_down		40.0
CLZD_CYP2B6_48		8.4	Encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes.
BSK_LPS_TissueFactor_down	13.3		Encodes coagulation factor III which is a cell surface glycoprotein. This factor enables cells to initiate the blood coagulation cascade.
CLM_MitoticArrest_72 hr	14.5		Mitotic arrest; phosphorylation. Disrupts cell growth in HepG2 cells.
BSK_SM3C_LDLR_down	40.0		Low-density lipoprotein receptor; cholesterol.
CLM_MicrotubuleCSK_Destabilizer_72 hr	57.0		Affects Hep3G cell growth.
ATG_PPRE_CIS		46.0	Transcription factor HepG2. Multiplexed reporter gene assay; nuclear receptor pathway.
ATG_PPARg_TRANS	80.7	40.0	The protein encoded by this gene is PPAR gamma and is a regulator of adipocyte differentiation.