Specific Metabolic Fingerprint of a Dietary Exposure to a Very Low Dose of Endosulfan

Table 3

Summary of the relative metabolite changes in plasma, bone marrow, and liver upon long term dietary exposure of mice to low doses of endosulfan.

Major metabolites	Discriminant NMR buckets	Bone marrow		Plasma		Liver
		Female	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male
Lipids VLDL/LDL	1.26; 1.30; 1.34; 1.38			↘ **
Lipids	0.90; 1.30; 1.34	↘ ***	↘ *
Unsaturated lipids	5.34	↘ ***
Lactate	1.34; 4.10		↘ *		↗ *	↗ **	↘ **
Choline/PCho/GPCho	3.18; 3.22; 4.02; 4.22; 4.30	↗ **	↘ *	↘ *			↗ *
Glucose	3.26; 3.38; 3.42; 3.46; 3.50; 3.54; 3.82; 3.90; 5.22			↗ ***	↗ *	↘ ***
Glycogen	5.40						↘ *
Lysine	1.66; 1.70; 1.74; 3.02	↗ **
Valine	0.98	↗ *	↗ *
Isoleucine	0.94	↗ **	↗ *		↗ *
Alanine	1.46; 1.50	↗ **					↘ ***
Glutamate/glutamine	2.10; 2.14; 2.34; 2.38; 2.46	↗ **					↘ ***
Glutathione; (oxidized)	2.18; 2.54; 2.58; 3.78					↘ *	↘ ***
Betaine	3.26					↗ ***	↗ ***
Taurine	3.26; 3.42					↗ ***	↗ ***
Acetate	1.94		↗ *
Tyrosine	6.90; 7.18; 7.22		↗ **
Inosine	6.06; 8.22		↗ **
ATP/ADP/AMP	4.42; 4.38; 6.14; 8.26; 8.58		↘ ***
Succinate	2.42	↗ **	↗ **
Creatine	3.94		↗ *

Comparisons among groups were performed by Kruskal-Wallis test. Changes are relative to control samples: ↘: decrease; ↗: increase; ***𝑃<0.001; **𝑃<0.01; *𝑃<0.05 as compared with control.