Review Article

Scorpion Peptides: Potential Use for New Drug Development

Table 2

List of antibacterial peptides isolated from scorpions.

ScorpionFraction PathogensDoseReference

Lychas mucronatus Mucroporin S. subtilis 50 μg/mL
S. aureus 25 μg/mL [39]
Mucroporin-M1S. subtlis 25 μg/mL
S. aureus 5 μg/mL

Mesobuthus martensii KarschBmkn2S. aureus 6.25 μg/mL
E. coli >100 μg/mL
Kn2-7S. aureus 6.25 μg/mL[40]
E. coli >100 μg/mL

Mesobuthus eupeus Meucin-24, 25P. berghei [41]
Meucin-18B. megaterium 0.25 μM (#)
S. typhimurium 10.9 μM (#) [42]
Meucin-13B. megaterium 0.25 μM (#)
S. typhimurium >50 μM (#)

Buthus martensii KarschBmkb1S. aureus 16 μg/mL
E. coli 18.1 μg/mL [43]
Bmkn2S. aureus 0.6 μg/mL
E. coli 1.5 μg/mL

Chaerilus tricostatus CtriporinB. subtilis 10 μg/mL
S. aureus 5 μg/mL[44]
M. luteus 5 μg/mL

Parabuthus schlechteri ParabutoporinK. pneumoniae 1.6 μM [45]
E. coli 3.1 μM

Isometrus maculatus ImcroporinM. luteus 20 μg/mL
S. aureus 20 μg/mL[46]
B. subtilis 50 μg/mL

Opisthacanthus madagascariensis IsCTS. aureus 0.7 μM
E. coli 3.3 μM[47, 48]
IsCT2S. aureus 0.7 μM
E. coli 3.4 μM
[A6]-IsCTS. aureus >64 μM
E. coli 64 μM
[L6]-IsCTS. aureus 64 μM
E. coli 16 μM
[K7]-IsCTS. aureus 1 μM [49]
E. coli 2 μM
[L6,K11]-IsCTS. aureus 2 μM
E. coli 2 μM
[K7,P8,K11]-IsCTS. aureus 2 μM
E. coli 2 μM

Opisthophtalmus carinatus Opistoporin-1Gram 1.3–25 μM
Gram + >50 μM [45]
Opistorporin-2

Androctonus australis AndroctoninM. luteus 0.5–1.5 μM [50, 51]
A. viridans 0.25–0.6 μM
P. syringae 1.5–3 μM [50]
S. typhimurium 3–6 μM

Pandinus imperator Pandinin-1Gram + 1.3–5.2 μM
Gram >20.8 μM [52]
Pandinin-2Gram + 2.4–4.8 μM
Gram 19.1–38.2 μM
B. subtilis 1 μM [53]
ScorpineK. pneumoniae 10 μM
P. berghei 0.7 μM*

Hadrurus aztecus Hadrurin Gram + <10 μM [52]
Gram − >40 μM

Hadrurus gertschi HgeScplp1B. subtilis 0.2–0.5 μM (#)
S. aureus 0.2–0.5 μM (#)
HgeβKTxB. subtilis 0.2–0.5 μM (#) [54]
S. aureus >0.5 μM (#)
Hge36B. subtilis >0.5 μM (#)
S. aureus >0.5 μM (#)

Centruroides noxius NoxiustoxinP. berghei 0.7 μM (+)[55]

Scorpiops tibetanus StCT1S. aureus 12.5 μg/mL [56]
M. luteus 100 μg/mL
StCT2S. aureus 6.25 μg/mL[56]

Vaejovis mexicanus smithi VmCT15–25 μM [57]
VmCT210–20 μM

Heterometrus laoticus HS-1K. pneumonia
B. subtilis [58]
P. aeruginosa

Heterometrus spinifer HsAP2, 3, 4[59]

Heterometrus xanthopus Whole venom[60]

The dose represents the MIC, the (+), or the (#) of the polypeptide, or LD100% (lethal dose *) of the polypeptide.