In Vitro Reporter Assays for Screening of Chemicals That Disrupt Androgen Signaling

Table 1

List of countries and regulatory agencies that have devised rules for monitoring EDCs.

S. number	Country	Regulatory agency	Mandate/strategy
1	USA	EPA-EDSP	Two-tiered in vitro and in vivo assays to identify and classify substances relative to their potential interaction with endocrine systems (Tier 1) and then to develop concentration-response relationship in animal models (Tier 2).
2	Japan	Environmental Agency-SPEED	(1) Promotion of field investigations into the present state of environmental pollution and of adverse effects on wildlife of endocrine disrupting chemicals.; (2) Promotion of research and screening and testing method development.; (3) Promotion of environmental risk assessment, risk management, and information dissemination.; (4) Strengthening of international networks.
3	European Union	European Commission	(1) Short term strategy: to establish a priority list of candidate substances for further evaluation of their ED properties.; (2) Medium-term strategy: the European Commission has made funding of research linked to ED a priority for their fifth, sixth, and seventh Framework Programmes.; (3) Long term strategy includes development and adaptation of legislative instruments and policy action that enable hazard identification, risk assessment, and risk management of EDCs.