Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Panel of Single- and Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes: In Vitro Effects on Normal Syrian Hamster Embryo and Immortalized V79 Hamster Lung Cells

Table 1

Physicochemical characteristics of carbon nanotube samples.

Name	Type	Carbon purity (%)^2	Amorphous carbon^1,2	Nb. of walls^1	Ext. diameter (nm)^1	Ext. diameter (nm)^2	Length (µm)^2	SSA (m^2/g)^3	Chemical content (% of mass)^4
1100	SW purified	>70	Yes	1-2	1.5–4	2	>1	1128	3.15Si; 1.44Co; 0.14Mg
2100	DW purified	>90	Yes	<5	3–7	3.5	1–10	626	2.69Mo; 1.79Fe; 0.16Si; 0.11Ca
2150	DW short purified	>90	Yes	<5	3–7	3.5	>1	611	2.48Mo; 1.40Fe; 0.10Si; 0.12Ca
DWEF	DW purified (80% DW, 15% SW, and 5% TW)	~90,5	n.d.	2	1.6–3.4	1–3	1–20	985	9.5Co^2
3100	MW purified	>95	n.d.	4-5	11-12	9.5	1.5	333	0.22Fe; 0.1Co
3150	MW short purified	>95	n.d.	4-5	15–19	9.5	<1	308	0.21Fe
SBb	MW raw	>88	<2%	4–10	15–68	15–50	>0.8	151	7.22Al; 4.15Fe
SBp	MW purified	>98	n.d.	4–10	9–77	15–50	>0.8	168	0.86Fe

TEM analysis (INRS).
²Manufacturer data.
³BET analysis.
⁴ICP-MS analysis (Ag, AL, As, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, La, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Si, Sn, Sr, Ti, V, Zn, and U).