Test chemical Test concentrations (μ M) Pathological features of adrenal toxicity Reported enzyme inhibitions References Acrylonitrile (AN) 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 Hemorrhagic adrenal necrosis Not reported [25 ] Salinomycin (SM) 0.00001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 Damage to adrenal medullae Not reported [26 ] Thioguanine (TG) 0.01, 1, 10, and 100 Hemorrhagic adrenal necrosis Not reported [25 ] Fumaronitrile (FN) 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 Hemorrhagic adrenal necrosis Not reported [25 ] Aminoglutethimide (AGT) 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 Hypertrophy, vascular degeneration CYP11A1, CYP21A2, CYP11B1, and CYP11B2 [6 , 27 –30 ] 0.1, 1, 10, 25, and 100 Atrophy CYP11A1, HSD3B2, CYP21A2, CYP11B1, and CYP11B2 [29 , 31 , 32 ] Spironolactone (SP) 1, 10, 50, and 100 Hypertrophy CYP17H, CYP17L, CYP11B1, and CYP11B2 [6 , 33 –35 ] Metyrapone (MP) 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 Hypertrophy, vascular degeneration CYP11A1, CYP11B1, and CYP11B2 [6 , 29 , 36 –39 ] Ketoconazole (KC) 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 Hypertrophy CYP11A1, CYP17H, CYP17L, HSD3B2, CYP21A2, and CYP11B1 [6 , 29 , 40 –43 ] Miconazole (MC) 0.1, 1, 10, 25, 50, and 100 Hypertrophy CYP11A1, CYP17H, CYP17L, CYP21A2, and CYP11B1 [41 , 44 , 45 ] Daidzein (DZ) 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 Unknown HSD3B2 and CYP21A2 [46 ]
