Review Article
A Review of Metal Exposure and Its Effects on Bone Health
| Element | Levels | References |
| Cadmium | < 1μg/L in urine | [42] | Zinc | no records | none | Copper | 70-140 μg/dL in plasma | [43] | Nickel | 1-3 μg/L in urine 0.2 μg/L in plasma | [44] | Mercury | < 7μg/L in urine < 5μg/L in blood | [42] | Chromium | <0.2 μg/L in urine 0.7-28 μg/L in blood 0.1-0.2 μg/L in plasma | [43] | Lead | 100 μg/L in blood Not detectable in urine | [45] | Aluminum | 1-3 μg/L in plasma | [46] | Titanium | no records | none | Iron | no records | none | Arsenic | 1 μg/L in blood | [47] |
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