Increasing Trend of Resistance to Penicillin, Tetracycline, and Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae from Pakistan (1992–2009)
Table 1
Antimicrobial resistance trends in Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains over the years 1992–2009 showing significant increase in resistance to penicillin, tetracycline, and ofloxacin. There is also significant increase in combined resistance to all 3 antibiotics. is the total number of resistance strains for that particular year. Percentage is shown in parenthesis (%).
Years
Total number of strains
CRO
OFX
P
TE
MDR
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
1992
15
0
0
1 (7.7)
0
0
1993
11
0
0
0
0
0
1994
16
0
0
4 (25)
0
0
1995
28
0
0
1 (3.6)
0
0
1996
20
0
0
0
0
0
1997
25
0
0
8 (32)
5 (20)
0
1998
26
0
0
3 (11.5)
1 (3.8)
0
1999
33
0
6 (28.8)
6 (19.4)
3 (9.7)
0
2000
25
0
6 (24)
2 (8)
0
0
2001
26
0
6 (23.1)
5 (19.2)
1 (3.8)
0
2002
19
0
8 (42.1)
1 (5.3)
2 (10.5)
0
2003
51
0
37 (72.5)
15 (29.4)
13 (25.5)
7 (13.7)
2004
56
0
47 (83.9)
29 (51.8)
26 (46.4)
17 (30.4)
2005
61
0
48 (78.7)
18 (29.5)
36 (59)
13 (21.3)
2006
90
0
71 (78.9)
39 (43.3)
49 (54.4)
25 (27.8)
2007
95
0
79 (83.2)
57 (60)
62 (65.3)
39 (41.1)
2008
116
0
107 (92.2)
94 (81)
93 (80.2)
79 (68.1)
2009
106
0
98 (92.5)
92 (86.8)
82 (77.6)
75 (70.8)
-value for trends
NA
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
P: Penicillin; TE: Tetracycline; OFX: Ofloxacin; CRO: Ceftriaxone; MDR: strains resistant to penicillin, tetracycline, and ofloxacin.
