A Single Dose of Oral BCG Moreau Fails to Boost Systemic IFN-𝛾 Responses to Tuberculin in Children in the Rural Tropics: Evidence for a Barrier to Mucosal Immunization

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of study children. Group 1: active infection with A. lumbricoides; Group 2: short-term anthelmintic treatment; Group 3: long-term anthelmintic treatment. BMI-body mass index. *2 doses of 400 mg albendazole over 1 month. ^‡7 doses of 400 mg albendazole over 12 months. ^§: results of stool sample collected before short-term treatment.

Variable	Group 1; (𝑁=20)	Group 2; (𝑁=13)	Group 3; (𝑁=15)
Age
Median (range)	10 (8–13)	10 (8–14)	10 (8–13)
Sex
Male/female	14/6	3/10	3/12
BMI
Median (range)	16.3 (13.2–20.9)	16.4 (13.7–19.2)	16.3 (14.3–26.4)
Hemoglobin (g/dL)
Median (range)	12.3 (11.3–14.0)	12.5 (11.3–14.3)	12.5 (11.5–13.3)
Anthelmintic treatment
Short-term treatment*	No	Yes	Yes
Long-term treatment^‡	No	No	Yes
Geohelminth infections
Baseline^§
A. lumbricoides	100%	100%	6.7%
Intensity, median (range) epg	7,728 (1,633–72,998)	13,135 (2,627–36,920)	0 (0–19,099)
T. trichiura	80.0%	84.6%	53.3%
Intensity, median (range) epg	568 (0–18,744)	213 (0–5,893)	0 (0–1,633)
Hookworm	5.0%	0%	6.7%
Postvaccination
A. lumbricoides	85.0%	0%	0%
Intensity, median (range) epg	11,041 (0–135,965)	0 (0-0)	0 (0-0)
T. trichiura	85.0%	75.0%	21.4%
Intensity, median (range) epg	604 (0–3,976)	142 (0–9,940)	0 (0–710)
Hookworm	5.0%	0%	0%