Effect of Seasonality and Ecological Factors on the Prevalence of the Four Malaria Parasite Species in Northern Mali

Table 2

Demographic characteristics of study populations.

Demographic characteristics		Ponds	No ponds	𝑃 value (Fisher test)
2004
Age group	0–9	414	161	<0.0001
	>9	270	448
Sex	Male	500	209	0.002
	Female	385	234
Derma	Light skin	313	218	<0.0001
	Dark skin	573	225
2005
Age group	0–9	476	143	<0.0001
	>9	474	322
Sex	Male	494	238	0.652
	Female	457	233
Derma	Light skin	317	242	<0.0001
	Dark skin	634	229

This table shows that in 2004 and 2005, there was a significant difference between age groups and the presence of ponds (or absence of ponds); we observed that there were more children in the areas with ponds than areas without ponds (𝑃<0.0001). The same trends were observed with the type of skin (derma); there were more subjects with dark skin in the areas with ponds than areas without ponds during the years 2004 and 2005 (𝑃<0.0001). There were more females in the areas with ponds than areas with ponds than areas without ponds in 2004 (𝑃=0.002); in contrast there was no significant difference between gender and presence of (absence) ponds in 2005 (𝑃=0.625).