Effect of Seasonality and Ecological Factors on the Prevalence of the Four Malaria Parasite Species in Northern Mali

Table 5

Infection prevalence of malaria by site with the presence of pounds and without.

Villages	May 2004		February 2005
	N (%)	Total	N (%)	Total
Presence of ponds
Andéramboukane	7 (3.2)	218	14 (6.1)	230
Ménaka	39 (12)	326	14 (4.1)	345
N’gouyass	1 (0.87)	115	8 (5.6)	142
Tin-Abaw	7 (6.1)	115	3 (2.6)	114
Tagalalt	7 (6.3)	111	41 (34.2)	120
Total	61 (6.89)	885	80 (8.41)	951
	χ ^2=1.49; 𝑃=0.221
Absence of ponds
Tabangout	0	113	5 (4.3)	115
Tidarmene	1 (0.9)	108	2 (1.7)	115
Anuzegreen	0 (0.0)	108	6 (4.8)	125
Inékar	4 (3.5)	113	7 (6.0)	116
Total	5 (1.13)	442	20 (4.24)	471
	χ ^2 = 8.31; 𝑃=0.004

The prevalence was significantly higher in the villages with ponds than the prevalence obtained in the villages without ponds (𝜒²=4.771, 𝑃value=0.0289). Within the study sites where the pounds are located, there was not statistically difference between the 2 follow-ups (𝑃=0.22). In contrast, a significant difference was observed among the village without pounds; malaria infection was higher in February in cold dry season (4.24%) than in May 2004 (1.13%) in the hot dry season (𝑃=0.004). This table suggests the role of the ponds in the transmission of malaria.