Genetic Diversity of Toll-Like Receptors and Immunity to M. leprae Infection

Table 1

TLR polymorphisms are organized by receptor, genotype, phenotype, and cohort. The odds ratio (OR) measures the strength of association between genotype and disease. A ratio less than 1 depicts the degree of protection and a ratio greater than 1 depicts the factor of increased susceptibility. Reference numbers are included with the associated cohort. RR: reversal reaction; del: deletion; ins: insertion; VNTR: variable number tandem repeat.

Gene	SNP		Reference Sequence	OR		𝑃 value	Cohort
	Amino acid	DNA		M. leprae	M. tuberculosis
TLR1	I602S	A1805G	rs5743618	0.48		<0.005	Turkish [38]
				0.51 (RR)		0.01	Nepalese [39]
				0.31		<0.001	Asian Indian [41]
		A/A			2.5 (extrapulmonary)	<0.001	African American [40]
	N248S	A743G	rs4833095	1.24		0.02	Bangladesh [42]
TLR2	~	del (−196 to −174)ins			0.70	0.02	Guinea-Bissau [45]
		I/I			0.41	<0.001	Caucasian [45]
	~	VNTR −162 to −100
		290 bp		0.62		0.02	Ethiopian [46]
		288 bp		5.83 (RR)		0.001	Ethiopian [46]
				0.49 (lepromatous)		0.02	Ethiopian [46]
	N199N	C597T	rs3804099	0.34 (RR)		0.002	Ethiopian [46]
		C/C			2.22	0.007	Vietnamese [48]
					3.33 (meningitis)	0.004	Vietnamese [48]
	R753Q	G2258A (A/A)	rs5743708		6.04	0.022	Turkish [51]
		A/G			1.60	0.59 (𝜒^2)	Turkish [51]
					5.05	<0.001	Turkish pediatric [52]
TLR4	D299G	G896A	rs4986790	0.34		<0.001	Ethiopian [31]
					2.10	<0.001	Asian Indian [62]
					2.00	~	Mediterranean Caucasian [69]
					2.80	0.06	Tanzanian [63]
	T399I	C1196T	rs4986791	0.16		<0.001	Ethiopian [31]
TLR9	~	G-A	rs352143		0.58	0.029	African American [45]
					0.53	0.017	Caucasian [45]
	~	C-T	rs5743836		0.54	0.024	African American [45]
					0.50	0.015	Caucasian [45]