Water Quality and Anopheles gambiae Larval Tolerance to Pyrethroids in the Cities of Douala and Yaoundé (Cameroon)

Table 3

Correlation between breeding sites physicochemical characteristics and larval mortality to either deltamethrin or permethrin.

	Deltamethrin				Permethrin
Parameters	𝑁	Mean (95% CI)	𝑅	𝑃 value	𝑁	Mean (95% CI)	𝑅	𝑃 value
Physicochemical characteristics
Conductivity	104	602.9 (485.5–720.3)	−0.078	NS	98	602.68 (479.3–726)	+0.065	NS
Temperature	81	31.55 (30.9–32.2)	+0.027	NS	75	31.86 (31.06–32.7)	+0.172	NS
Dissolve oxygen	78	60.3 (44.4–76.2)	+0.466	<0.0001	73	59.77 (43.2–76.4)	+0.187	NS
Total hardness	63	95.24 (75.5–115)	+0.151	NS	63	95.24 (75.5–115.02)	+0.204	NS
Nitrates	104	5.72 (4.27–7.17)	−0.072	NS	98	6.07 (4.53–7.62)	−0.06	NS
Ammonia	104	1.45 (0.91–2)	−0.205	0.04	98	1.55 (0.98–2.12)	−0.084	NS
Aluminium	103	0.063 (0.04–0.09)	−0.069	NS	98	0.065 (0.04–0.09)	−0.053	NS
Potassium	97	23.03 (16.4–29.7)	−0.156	NS	93	24.60 (17.8–31.5)	−0.0098	NS
Iron	104	5.97 (5.19–6.76)	−0.026	NS	98	6.10 (5.28–6.92)	+0.028	NS
Phosphates	68	11.95 (6.30–17.60)	+0.087	NS	62	14.25 (7.05–21.44)	−0.23	NS
Physical characteristics
Cultivated sites	17	—	−0.421	<0.0001	17	—	−0.392	<0.0001
Polluted sites	40	—	+0.113	NS	35	—	0.162	NS
Nonpolluted site	46	—	+0.203	NS	46	—	0.172	NS

𝑁: sample size, mean: average concentration (in mg/L) of physicochemical parameters in breeding sites, 95% CI: Confidence interval at 95%, 𝑅: Correlation coefficient, NS: Nonsignificant, 𝑃 value significant if <0.05.