Classic and New Diagnostic Approaches to Childhood Tuberculosis

Table 3

Sensitivity and specificity of commercial and in-house methods for TB diagnostics.

Methodology	Sensitivity	Specificity
Commercial tests
AMTD Standard (𝑛=15)	0.79	0.91
Smear positive (𝑛=3)	0.98	0.55
Smear negative (𝑛=3)	0.75	0.90
Gastric aspirate only (𝑛=1)	0.73	1.00
Cut-off: 71,000 (𝑛=1)	0.83	0.91
Cut-off: 7,300,000 (𝑛=1)	0.90	0.85
Cut-off: 30,000 (𝑛=1)	0.93	0.66
AMTD Enhanced (𝑛=5)	0.89	0.98
Smear positive (𝑛=2)	1.00	0.90
Smear negative (𝑛=2)	0.83	0.98
Low suspicion of TB (𝑛=1)	0.83	0.97
Intermediate suspicion of TB (𝑛=1)	0.75	1.00
High suspicion of TB(𝑛=1)	0.88	1.00
Amplicor COBAS (𝑛=10)	0.72	0.99
Low pretest probability (𝑛=1)	0.33	0.99
Intermediate pretest probability (𝑛=1)	0.33	0.98
High pretest probability (𝑛=1)	0.47	1.00
Smear positive (𝑛=2)	0.91	0.50
Smear negative (𝑛=3)	0.75	0.99
Amplicor manual (𝑛=20)	0.68	0.94
Smear positive (𝑛=6)	0.91	0.74
Smear negative (𝑛=6)	0.57	0.90
LCx assay (𝑛=5)	0.90	0.96
Smear positive (𝑛=2)	0.98	0.10
Smear negative (𝑛=2)	0.90	0.96
Amplicis Myco B (𝑛=1)	0.92	0.85
Sputum only (𝑛=1)	0.91	0.90
GeneXpert adult population (𝑛=1)	0.95	1.00
Tanzanian adult population (sputum and smear positive, (𝑛=1)	0.88	0.99
Children population
Two induced sputum samples (𝑛=1)	0.76	0.99
Smear positive (𝑛=1)	1.00	0.99
Smear negative (𝑛=1)	0.61	0.99
In house tests
IS 986 (𝑛=2)	0.90	0.95
Smear positive (𝑛=2)	0.97	0.83
Smear negative (𝑛=2)	0.75	0.47
Sputum only (𝑛=1)	1.00	1.00
IS 6110 (𝑛=26)	0.79	0.84
Chemical DNA extraction (𝑛=1)	0.60	0.92
Simple boiling (𝑛=1)	0.85	0.98
Smear negative (𝑛=4)	0.90	0.92
Smear positive (𝑛=7)	0.92	0.42
Bronchiestasis only (𝑛=1)	NA	0.86
Upper lobe infiltrates (𝑛=1)	0.67	1.00
Agarose gel electrophoresis (𝑛=1)	0.90	1.00
Dot blot hybridisation (𝑛=1)	0.92	0.98
ELISA (𝑛=1)	0.90	1.00
MTP40 (𝑛=1)	0.97	0.86
MTP40 and α antigen (𝑛=1)	0.74	1.00
MPB70 (𝑛=1)	0.98	0.50
Smear positive (𝑛=1)	0.99	0.13
Smear negative (𝑛=1)	0.96	0.53
2.4 kb DNA (𝑛=2)	0.55	0.94
65 kDa (𝑛=5)	0.84	0.85
Gastric aspirate only (𝑛=1)	1.00	0.80
Sputum only (𝑛=2)	1.00	0.84
MPB64 (𝑛=2)	0.56	0.84
2.4 kb DNA and MBP64 (𝑛=1)	0.98	0.70
2.4 kb DNA and MBP64 and 65 kDa (𝑛=1)	0.98	0.70
MTB 10 and MTB 11 (𝑛=1)	0.94	0.94
Ag 85 (𝑛=1)	0.90	0.94
groEL (𝑛=1)	0.82	0.81
Meta-analysis for tuberculous pleuritis	0.92	0.90
ADA (𝑛=63)	0.80	0.84
Pab (𝑛=1)
E-nose
Culture positive (𝑛=1)	0.89	0.91
EN Rob (𝑛=1)	0.68	0.75
EN Walter (𝑛=1)	0.75	0.67

Values were obtained from the average of different studies [40–42]. Most data of sensitivity and specificity has not been validated for its application in children populations. AMTD: amplified Mycobacterium tuberculosis Direct test, LCx: ligase chain reaction, 𝑛: number of conducted studies on each test, NA: not available, Pab: protein antigen b.