Journal of Tropical Medicine / 2013 / Article / Tab 1 / Clinical Study
Anemia among HIV-Infected Patients Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy in South Africa: Improvement in Hemoglobin regardless of Degree of Immunosuppression and the Initiating ART Regimen Table 1 Baseline characteristics among patients initiating first-line ART and the risk factors for incident anemia at the Themba Lethu Clinic in Johannesburg, South Africa.
Baseline characteristics Risk factors for incident anaemia Overall (
) Anaemia (
) Univariate analysis Multivariate analysis No. % No. % cHR 95% CI aHR 95% CI Sex Male 3904 38 738 18.9 1.00 Referent 1.00 Referent Female 6355 62 1909 30 1.56 1.28–1.92 1.78 1.45–2.19 CD4 count (cells/mL) 0–49 3639 35.5 1206 33.1 1.79 1.23–2.59 1.72 1.18–2.52 50–199 5754 56.1 1298 22.6 1.15 0.80–1.66 1.17 0.89–1.68 >200 866 8.4 143 16.5 1.00 Referent 1.00 Referent BMI (kg/m2 ) <18.5 2039 19.9 823 40.4 1.74 1.39–2.17 1.70 1.35–2.14 ≥18.5 8220 80.1 1824 22.2 1.00 Referent 1.00 Referent Age (years) 18–35 4483 43.7 1250 23.9 1.24 0.71–2.19 — — 36–55 5397 52.6 1333 27.5 1.12 0.64–1.96 — — >55 379 3.7 64 13.1 1.00 Referent WHO stage I and II 5567 54.3 899 16.1 1.00 Referent 1.00 Referent III and IV 4692 45.7 1748 37.2 1.40 1.16–1.68 1.24 1.02–1.51 ART regimen d4T based 9937 96.9 7337 96.4 1.00 Referent 1.00 Referent AZT based 322 3.1 275 3.6 2.03 1.39–2.96 2.19 1.50–3.20 TB diagnosis No 8223 80.1 1833 22.3 1.00 Referent Yes 2036 19.9 814 40 1.41 1.12–1.77 — —
Abbreviations: cHR: crude hazard ratio, aHR: adjusted hazard ratio, HR: hazard ratio, 95% CI: 95% confidence interval, ART: antiretroviral therapy, Hb.: hemoglobin, BMI: body mass index, EFV: efavirenz, AZT: zidovudine, NVP: nevirapine, IQR: interquartile range, TB: Tuberculosis. 95% CI: 95% confidence interval; HR was estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models.