Effectiveness and Safety of Concurrent Use of First-Line Antiretroviral and Antituberculous Drugs in Rwanda

Table 4

Types and frequency of ADEs experienced by patients.

Adverse drug events	HIV (𝑁=60)		HIV/TB (𝑁=60)		Total (𝑁=120)		Potential offensive drugs
	𝑛	%	𝑛	%	𝑁	%
Vomiting	32	26.7	36	30.0	68	56.7	All ARV and anti-TB
Asthenia	22	18.3	32	26.7	54	45.0	EFV, TDF, H
Headache	26	21.7	20	16.7	46	38.3	EFV
Ulceration	24	20.0	20	16.7	44	36.7	EFV, AZT, 3TC
Diarrhea	18	15.0	20	16.7	38	31.7	Many ARV, anti-TB
Dyspnea	12	10.0	18	15.0	30	25.0	ABC, EFV, 3TC, AZT, R
Convulsions	10	8.3	12	10.0	22	18.3	EFV, H
Anemia	8	6.7	12	10.0	20	16.7	AZT, 3TC, R, E
Hepatitis	5	4.2	14	11.7	19	15.8	3TC, NVP, R, H, Z
Skin rashes	8	6.7	10	8.3	18	15.0	EFV, NVP, R, Z, E
Kidney dysfunction	6	5.0	10	8.3	16	13.3	TDF, R
Nightmares	8	6.7	6	5.0	14	11.7	EFV
Thrombocytopenia	4	3.3	6	5.0	10	8.3	AZT, 3TC, H
Neuropathy	6	5.0	3	2.5	9	7.5	d4T, H
Stevens-Johnson syndrome	4	3.3	4	3.3	8	6.7	EFV, NVR
Lipodystrophy	2	1.7	1	0.8	3	2.5	d4T

Potential offensive drugs: most reported in the literature likely to cause the side effects experienced. The causative relationship with each drug is beyond the scope of this study.